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What the pledge means
The Declaration to Triple Nuclear Energy asks participants to work together toward a global goal: tripling nuclear energy capacity from its 2020 level by 2050. The declaration recognizes that participating countries have different domestic circumstances. It does not assign each one an identical national target or require every endorser to build a specified number of reactors.
That distinction matters: the declaration records a political commitment to pursue a shared goal, not proof that capacity has increased or that the goal is on track. The declaration’s launch announcement describes the commitment as a “global aspirational goal.” The U.S. Department of Energy’s December 1, 2023 announcement provides the launch details and declaration text.
Which countries endorse the declaration?
The list has grown since COP28. The counts below reflect different dates and sources, so they should not be treated as contradictory current totals.
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| Source and date | Count and context |
|---|---|
| U.S. Department of Energy, December 1, 2023 | Its launch announcement said “more than 20” countries had launched the declaration and listed 25 endorsers. |
| World Nuclear Association, October 2, 2026 | Its tracker lists 39 endorsing nations. |
The original 25-country launch list comprised the United States, Armenia, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Ghana, Hungary, Jamaica, Japan, Republic of Korea, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, and United Kingdom.
The World Nuclear Association’s tracker, updated October 2, 2026, lists Armenia, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, El Salvador, Finland, France, Ghana, Hungary, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Republic of Korea, Kosovo, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, Poland, Romania, Republic of Rwanda, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Sweden, Togo, Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and United States of America. Because this is an industry association’s tracker, attribute the 39-country figure to the association rather than presenting it as a UNFCCC count. An older World Nuclear Association overview reported 33 signatories on January 19, 2026; that dated figure has since been superseded by its October tracker.
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What participants committed to do
The declaration covers more than the headline capacity target. Its commitments address the conditions required to pursue nuclear power while setting expectations for how it is deployed and operated.
- Operate safely and manage waste: operate plants responsibly under high standards of safety, sustainability, security, and non-proliferation, and manage nuclear fuel waste responsibly over the long term.
- Mobilize investment: seek investment, including through innovative financing mechanisms, and encourage relevant international and regional financial institutions to support nuclear energy within their mandates. The declaration also calls on shareholders of the World Bank and other international financial institutions to encourage appropriate lending policies.
- Develop reactors for electricity and industry: support reactor development and construction, including small modular and other advanced reactors, for electricity and industrial decarbonization uses such as hydrogen and synthetic fuels.
- Strengthen supply chains: promote resilient supply chains, including for nuclear fuel.
- Consider existing plants: consider extending plant lifetimes where technically feasible and economically efficient, provided the plants meet the declaration’s standards.
- Support civil nuclear deployment: support countries exploring civil nuclear power under high standards and welcome complementary commitments from private-sector and institutional partners.
- Review progress: review progress annually around COP meetings.
These are undertakings in the declaration, not reported completed results. The declaration and the association’s tracker do not establish how much nuclear capacity has been added toward the goal, whether annual reviews have occurred consistently, or whether the world is on schedule.
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Why finance and implementation matter
Tripling capacity is not just a construction target; pursuing it depends on financing, equipment and fuel supply, and workers with the necessary skills. William D. Magwood IV, Director-General of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, identified affordable financing, enhanced supply chains, and a skilled workforce as challenges for countries choosing nuclear power. He said the agency’s analysis sees tripling capacity by 2050 as a practical path toward net-zero emissions, while cautioning that “the task ahead is not an easy one.” The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency’s launch comment sets out his full remarks.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How to read the pledge alongside other COP28 goals
This declaration concerns nuclear energy capacity, with a 2020 baseline and a 2050 deadline. It should not be conflated with COP28’s separate pledge to triple renewable energy: that is a different goal. When comparing climate-energy commitments, check what is being measured, the baseline and deadline, geographic scope, whether the language is aspirational or binding, and what mechanisms exist for financing and progress review.
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