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How Terry Branstad Linked Iowa’s Tax Cuts to the 1980s Farm Crisis

In 2023, former Iowa Gov. Terry Branstad credited post-crisis diversification and value-added agriculture with helping enable later Iowa tax legislation. The link is his interpretation, set against a farm crisis that reshaped rural families and communities.
From TheFinanceBase Team3 min to read
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Former Iowa Gov. Terry Branstad argued in April 2023 that economic changes made in response to the 1980s farm crisis helped pave the way for later Iowa tax legislation. He credited diversification and value-added agriculture, but the reporting records his interpretation rather than independently proving that those steps caused the later tax changes.

What Branstad said about the connection

At an April 11, 2023 discussion about his time as governor, Branstad connected Iowa’s later tax legislation with efforts to reshape the state economy after the farm crisis. “Those things would not have been possible if we hadn’t planted the seeds and started to focus on diversifying the Iowa economy and adding value agriculture that we did back during the farm crisis,” he said, according to Iowa Capital Dispatch.

Branstad described Iowa in 2023 as having a surplus of more than $3 billion, eliminating tax on retirement benefits, and moving to a flat 3.9% income tax. Those were his descriptions of the state’s finances and legislation at that time—not confirmation of current tax rates, exemptions, or budget conditions. Readers making tax or retirement decisions should check current Iowa rules with an authoritative state source.

What economic changes he credited

Branstad pointed to a strategy of broadening Iowa’s economy and increasing the value derived from agriculture. His examples included biotech, ethanol, and entrepreneurship. He recalled increasing Iowa State University biotech research funding by $5 million a year for three consecutive years and supporting construction of a biotech research facility. These are examples he gave in his retrospective account, not an independent evaluation of their economic effects.

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The State Historical Society of Iowa’s April 5, 2023 event announcement quoted Branstad describing the urgency he felt at the time: “Our farmers and rural communities were in crisis and I felt I needed to leave no stone unturned. I needed to do anything and everything I could to address the immense challenges we were facing.” The remarks help explain why he presented diversification as a response to a broad rural emergency, not simply as a later tax-policy strategy.

Why the farm crisis was more than a farm-income problem

The crisis grew from intersecting pressures, not one isolated cause. Iowa PBS’s 2013 documentary describes failed policy, heavy debt, booms and busts in land and commodity prices, and droughts in 1983 and 1988. The State Historical Society’s teaching resource also identifies the grain embargo, government responses, and spillover effects on other industries as relevant themes.

The damage reached farm households and rural institutions as well as agricultural balance sheets. Iowa State University’s 2022 account of historian Pamela Riney-Kehrberg’s work says that 24% of Iowa farmers were pushed out of agriculture. Riney-Kehrberg describes farm consolidation, families taking off-farm jobs or leaving agriculture, reduced livestock diversity, and shrinking rural communities, including school and hospital closures. Young farmers who had taken on expansion debt in the 1970s were especially vulnerable to the high interest rates of the 1980s.

Iowa PBS’s documentary resource page reports several indicators of distress: around 500 public farm auctions per month in 1983; an estimated 300,000 farmers defaulting on loans by the end of the decade; more bank failures in 1985 than in any year since the 1930s; and an estimate that nearly another one-third of Iowa farms were lost during the crisis. These figures are the documentary’s reported statistics and estimates, not a single unified measure of the crisis.

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The complication in Branstad’s account: a proposed tax increase

Branstad also recalled that after becoming governor and learning Iowa’s finances were in poor condition, he recommended a sales-tax increase in his first budget message. The Iowa Capital Dispatch account notes that an audience question set this against his later emphasis on avoiding tax increases through careful spending. That contrast matters: his account of the crisis-era response included a proposed tax increase, even as his broader retrospective argument stressed economic restructuring and restraint.

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How to read the tax-cut claim

Branstad’s argument is a political and economic interpretation of the path from crisis response to later tax legislation. The available reporting establishes what he credited—diversification, value-added agriculture, and investments such as biotech research—but does not establish that those measures independently caused subsequent tax changes. The historical accounts provide context about the scale and social consequences of the crisis; they do not test Branstad’s causal claim.

For a deeper account centered on families and rural communities, Iowa State University highlights Riney-Kehrberg’s book, When a Dream Dies: Agriculture, Iowa, and the Farm Crisis of the 1980s. The State Historical Society’s Unit 13: The Farm Crisis page points to primary sources, archival collections, and oral histories. Iowa PBS’s documentary resource page provides another route into the period.

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