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1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteYou may be able to refinance farm debt, but eligibility depends on the debt’s purpose and type, the loan program, and your ability to repay. Before pursuing a new loan, identify which obligations could qualify, check the specific program’s conditions, compare the full repayment plan—not just the monthly payment—and ask whether restructuring or servicing is available.
1. Identify the debt and why you want to refinance it
Start by listing each obligation you hope to refinance. Note whether it is secured by real estate, whether it was incurred for farm purposes, and whether it is an operating or ownership-related debt. Those details matter because refinancing permission varies by program; not every farm loan or personal debt qualifies.
The USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) has several kinds of loans, with different uses. Its guaranteed Farm Ownership loans may refinance debt. Guaranteed Operating loans may refinance debt under certain conditions. FSA’s Direct Operating Loan guidance allows refinancing of certain farm-related debts but excludes real estate. Confirm how the program treats each debt before applying.
Direct loans and guarantees work differently
FSA offers direct loans and guarantees made through commercial lenders. With a guaranteed loan, you apply through a commercial lender, and FSA guarantees part of the loan to that lender. For a direct loan, FSA is the lender. The distinction affects where you apply and which requirements and terms apply. See FSA’s overview of Farm Loan Programs.
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2. Check the exact program’s eligibility and refinancing conditions
Do not assume that being a farmer—or having an existing farm loan—automatically qualifies you to refinance through FSA. For guaranteed loans, FSA reviews eligibility, repayment ability, collateral and compliance with program rules. For a direct operating loan, FSA lists requirements including an acceptable credit history, sufficient managerial ability and inability to obtain sufficient credit elsewhere. The guaranteed-loan requirements and Direct Operating Loan requirements are program-specific; check the current rules with FSA or a participating lender.
Additional conditions apply to certain non-real-estate debt refinanced under FSA operating-loan rules. An FSA handbook excerpt says the refinancing must improve farm profitability, and the creditor must be unwilling to restructure the debt on terms that allow a feasible plan. These conditions concern that particular FSA refinancing context; they are not universal rules for private loans or every FSA program.
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3. Compare the whole repayment plan, not only the payment
A smaller monthly payment can result from a longer repayment period without lowering the total cost. Compare the proposed loan with your current debt across the terms that affect both cash flow and total repayment:
- Eligible debt and purpose: Confirm that the specific obligations can be included under the proposed program.
- Interest rate and fees: Account for the rate, closing or other fees, and whether the rate is fixed or variable if stated in the offer.
- Term and payment schedule: Check how long repayment lasts, when payments are due, and whether the schedule fits expected farm income.
- Collateral: Review what property secures the loan and what happens if you cannot make payments.
- Total expected repayment and balloon payment: Look beyond the monthly amount for the total paid over the term and any large final payment.
For guaranteed loans, FSA says: “The interest rate and payment terms are negotiated between the lender and the applicant and may not exceed the maximum rates established by FSA.” Terms can vary with loan type, collateral and ability to repay; a guarantee does not make approval automatic. See the FSA Guaranteed Farm Loans page.
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The USDA Debt Consolidation Tool estimates savings for eligible FSA operating-loan debt. Its result is not a loan approval or a personalized offer. Check the assumptions and contact your local FSA service center about application requirements and options for your circumstances.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.4. Ask about restructuring or servicing before treating a new loan as the only option
Refinancing is not the only possible response to unmanageable payments. The FSA handbook’s conditions for certain non-real-estate refinancing include a creditor unwilling to restructure at rates and terms that would allow a feasible plan. Ask the creditor whether restructuring is available and compare any proposal with a new loan on the same terms described above.
If you already have an FSA direct loan and are distressed or delinquent because of circumstances beyond your control, FSA says servicing benefits may be available. Contact your local FSA office promptly to discuss what applies to your account. These options are not a promise of a particular result and do not establish servicing rights for private loans. See FSA Loan Servicing.
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