The White House convened a roundtable on August 15, 2023, to examine how data brokers collect, profile, and sell personal information—and how those practices can contribute to discrimination, scams, and threats to personal safety. The discussion also brought attention to possible Consumer Financial Protection Bureau rules under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA); those were proposals under development, not protections that the roundtable itself put into effect.
What happened at the White House roundtable?
The Office of Science and Technology Policy, National Economic Council, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), Federal Trade Commission (FTC), and Department of Justice (DOJ) hosted or participated in the August 15, 2023, discussion. The White House readout focused on how data brokers monetize personal information and the harms that can result when detailed or sensitive data is collected, inferred, and sold.
Participants discussed risks across financial and other consequential decisions, as well as scams and personal safety. CFPB Director Rohit Chopra said, “It’s critical that there’s some accountability when it comes to misuse or abuse of our private information and activities.”
How the data-broker chain can cause harm
- Collection or acquisition: Brokers gather information directly, obtain it from other companies, or buy it from data sources. The White House said participants described brokers acquiring large volumes of detailed information—including geolocation and health information—often without people’s knowledge or consent.
- Profiling and inference: Data may be combined or analyzed to draw conclusions about a person. Those profiles can concern sensitive circumstances or characteristics, even when the person did not provide that information directly to the company using it.
- Sale and use: Brokers sell or otherwise supply data to other organizations. Those organizations may use it to make decisions, target advertising, or identify people for outreach. The person may have limited visibility into the data’s source, how it was interpreted, or where it went next.
That chain matters because a broker’s records can affect people beyond the original context in which information was shared. The roundtable readout identified possible consequences in credit, insurance, housing, employment, advertising, fraud, and personal safety.
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Where the risks can show up
| Area | Risk discussed at the roundtable |
|---|---|
| Credit | Data used in underwriting or related decisions may be inaccurate, difficult for a person to see, or used in ways that contribute to discriminatory outcomes. |
| Housing | Profiles or sensitive information may affect housing-related decisions and contribute to unequal treatment. |
| Employment | Information collected or inferred about people may influence employment-related decisions, potentially with discriminatory effects. |
| Insurance | Brokered information may be used in insurance decisions, with risks of unfair or discriminatory outcomes. |
| Advertising | Detailed profiles can determine which people see particular offers or messages, including advertising based on sensitive information. |
| Fraud and scams | Personal data can help scammers target people or make deceptive solicitations more convincing. DOJ enforcement actions described brokers as supplying data used in schemes that harmed consumers. |
| Personal safety | Exposure of sensitive information can create risks of stalking, harassment, and gender-based violence, and can interfere with access to healthcare. |
The White House readout identified discriminatory outcomes affecting underserved communities among the concerns raised. These are risks described at the event, not a finding that every broker or every use of brokered data causes each listed harm.
What the CFPB was considering under the FCRA
Chopra said the CFPB was developing rules for modern data companies under the FCRA. The contemplated approach could treat brokers that sell certain payment, income, criminal-record, or similar information as consumer reporting agencies. If a company fell within that framework, it could be subject to FCRA obligations involving accuracy, consumer access, disputes, and permissible uses of information.
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The White House readout also described plans to limit disclosure of sensitive “credit header” contact information and to let consumers obtain data held about them and dispute inaccuracies. These were described as planned or developing protections at the time of the roundtable. The event did not itself enact a rule, and the readout does not establish that all data brokers would be covered or that every contemplated protection became law.
What DOJ enforcement cases showed
DOJ’s 2023 actions involving Epsilon Data Management, KBM Group, and Wiland illustrated how brokered data could be connected to consumer-harm schemes and how resolutions could direct money toward victims.
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| DOJ matter (2023) | Reported data or resolution |
|---|---|
| Epsilon Data Management | DOJ described data sold in schemes affecting more than 30 million Americans. The total resolution was $150 million, of which $127.5 million was designated for victim compensation. |
| KBM Group | The $42 million resolution included $33.5 million for victim compensation. |
| Wiland | $4.4 million was allocated for victim compensation. |
| Victim distributions across the matters | DOJ reported that more than $100 million had been distributed to more than 100,000 unique victims. |
Brian Boynton, then Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General, said, “These data brokers are a key link.” The cases provide enforcement evidence about particular companies and schemes; they do not establish that every data broker engaged in the conduct at issue.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What consumers should take from the announcement
The roundtable highlighted a gap between the amount of personal information that can circulate through data markets and the visibility or control an individual may have over it. The policy response discussed at the event centered on whether existing FCRA protections should apply to more modern data companies and on possible ways to give consumers access to, and a means to challenge, certain records.
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For consumers, the practical distinction is between an announced policy direction and an enforceable right: the 2023 readout described proposed or developing protections, while the DOJ resolutions were enforcement actions with specified compensation. The roundtable alone did not make the proposed CFPB framework binding.
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