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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesThe XRP Ledger (XRPL) is a public, peer-to-peer blockchain that records XRP, other supported assets, and transactions. XRP is the ledger’s native digital asset—not another name for the network. Account owners sign transactions to authorize changes; validators agree on which transactions to apply, and servers record the resulting state in a new ledger version.
What the XRP Ledger records
The XRP Ledger is a shared database maintained by a network of servers. It is not just a running list of payments: each ledger version captures a snapshot of the current state, the transactions applied to the previous version, and a header containing identifiers and other metadata. The [ledger structure documentation](https://xrpl.org/docs/concepts/ledgers/ledger-structure) describes those components.
The state includes accounts, balances, settings, offers, and other ledger objects. A transaction can change that state—for example, by making a payment, creating an account, changing settings, or trading assets. The system’s [introduction](https://xrpl.org/about/xrp-ledger) and [consensus principles](https://xrpl.org/docs/concepts/consensus-protocol/consensus-principles-and-rules) explain the ledger as shared state processed according to common rules.
How a transaction becomes part of the ledger
1. An account owner signs an instruction
Transactions are instructions to change ledger state. The account owner authorizes one cryptographically by signing it, then a wallet or other client sends it to an XRPL server. Servers can relay candidate transactions to peers. Signing authorizes submission; it does not, by itself, mean the transaction has succeeded or become final.
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2. Servers exchange proposals and reach consensus
Servers may receive transactions at different times or in different orders. They exchange and revise proposals through iterative consensus until each server’s chosen trusted validators reaches agreement on a transaction set. That server-specific group of trusted validators is its Unique Node List (UNL).
This is not proof of work or proof of stake, and it should not be reduced to the claim that every validator votes on every transaction. The documented model depends on chosen trusted validators agreeing about what to process. Dave Cohen, David Schwartz, and Arthur Britto describe the network in the [consensus structure documentation](https://xrpl.org/docs/concepts/consensus-protocol/consensus-structure) as providing a shared ledger with authoritative information about its contents.
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3. Servers apply the agreed transactions
Servers start with the previous validated ledger, apply the agreed transaction set in a canonical order, and calculate the next ledger state. Validators then publish signed validations containing the hash of their calculated result. When a supermajority of the chosen validators agrees on the same validation hash, the ledger is validated. Subsequent transactions create later ledger versions; they do not rewrite a validated ledger’s history.
4. Check validated status, not just submission
An API may return an interim result while a transaction is still being processed. A submission or pending status is not proof that a payment has settled. For a final outcome, check whether the transaction appears in a validated ledger and inspect its result code. The [consensus structure documentation](https://xrpl.org/docs/concepts/consensus-protocol/consensus-structure) explains the distinction between provisional results and validation.
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XRP is the native asset
XRP is the XRP Ledger’s native digital asset. Fees are specified in XRP, and one XRP equals one million drops. The transaction Fee field sets the XRP amount destroyed as the cost of processing a transaction. The required amount can vary by transaction type and live network conditions, so there is no single current fee that applies to every transaction. See the [protocol data types](https://xrpl.org/docs/references/protocol/data-types/basic-data-types) and [transaction common fields](https://xrpl.org/docs/references/protocol/transactions/common-fields).
Tokens may have issuer-specific properties
The ledger also supports trust-line tokens and Multi-Purpose Tokens (MPTs). Their formats and terms depend on the ledger features involved and, where applicable, the issuer. An on-ledger token is not automatically a claim on an off-ledger asset or a promise of redemption. Trust-line token issuers may configure features such as transfer fees and freeze controls; ledger objects can also affect reserve requirements. The [trust-line token documentation](https://xrpl.org/docs/concepts/tokens/fungible-tokens) and [MPT documentation](https://xrpl.org/docs/concepts/tokens/multi-purpose-tokens) describe these distinctions.
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What someone needs to make a payment
To send a peer-to-peer XRP payment, a user needs a wallet and an account that is funded and meets the current minimum reserve requirement. Reserve requirements and transaction costs can change, so check current network information before transacting rather than relying on an old figure. The official [peer-to-peer payment guide](https://xrpl.org/docs/tutorials/payments/send-payments) covers direct XRP payments and cross-currency payments as distinct options. This explains the practical prerequisites; it is not a recommendation to buy XRP or use a particular wallet.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What the mechanics do—and do not—establish
The [XRPL consensus principles documentation](https://xrpl.org/docs/concepts/consensus-protocol/consensus-principles-and-rules) describes near-real-time settlement as three to six seconds. That is a documentation claim, not a guaranteed completion time for every transaction or an independent performance comparison. Transactions can fail or remain provisional, and the final result is the status recorded in a validated ledger.
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Consensus relies on trusted-validator sets and agreement assumptions; it is not accurate to describe it as trust-free. Likewise, the ledger’s support for tokens does not establish that any particular token is backed, redeemable, or risk-free. Current fees, reserves, validator configuration, amendments, and live conditions should be checked against up-to-date network information.
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