For 2025 Medicare premiums, Social Security generally used your 2023 federal tax return to determine whether you owed an Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount (IRMAA). The first adjustment tier began above $106,000 in modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) for individual filers and above $212,000 for married couples filing jointly. Part B IRMAA raises your total Part B premium; Part D IRMAA is added to your drug plan’s own premium.
These are 2025 premium-year figures, not current-year rates. If your income later fell because of a qualifying life-changing event, you can ask Social Security to review the determination; a reduction is not automatic.
What is IRMAA for Medicare in 2025?
IRMAA is the income-related monthly adjustment amount. It is an additional charge for people whose income exceeds the applicable threshold. Social Security makes the initial determination and sends a notice explaining the decision and appeal rights. Medicare advises beneficiaries to keep that notice. Medicare’s cost information describes the charges, while Social Security’s 2025 IRMAA table gives the income tiers and amounts.
For 2025, the standard Part B premium was $185 per month before IRMAA. The amounts in the Part B table below are total monthly premiums, not just the IRMAA increase. Part D works differently: the listed IRMAA is a monthly add-on to the premium charged by your chosen prescription drug plan.
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What income is used for Medicare IRMAA in 2025?
Social Security defines MAGI for IRMAA as adjusted gross income (AGI) reported on Form 1040 plus tax-exempt interest. It generally uses the latest IRS tax-return data available and typically looks back two years. For 2025 premiums, that usually means the 2023 federal return; if the 2023 return was unavailable, Social Security’s table notes allow use of the return from three years earlier, generally 2022. Social Security’s Medicare premium guidance explains the calculation and lookback.
As a result, the income on your 2025 determination may not reflect your current retirement income. Someone who stopped working after a high-earning year may still be assessed using that earlier income.
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2025 Medicare IRMAA income brackets and premiums
The tables show the 2025 premium-year amounts. The Part B figure is the total monthly premium; the Part D figure is an additional monthly amount on top of the plan’s own premium. Thresholds and premiums change annually, so do not use these as a quote for another year.
Individual, head of household, or qualifying surviving spouse with dependent child
| 2023 MAGI used for 2025 | 2025 Part B total per month | 2025 Part D IRMAA per month |
|---|---|---|
| $106,000 or less | $185.00 standard premium | No IRMAA |
| More than $106,000 through $133,000 | $259.00 | $13.70 |
| More than $133,000 through $167,000 | $370.00 | $35.30 |
| More than $167,000 through $200,000 | $480.90 | $57.00 |
| More than $200,000 but less than $500,000 | $591.90 | $78.60 |
| $500,000 or more | $628.90 | $85.80 |
Married filing jointly
| 2023 MAGI used for 2025 | 2025 Part B total per month | 2025 Part D IRMAA per month |
|---|---|---|
| $212,000 or less | $185.00 standard premium | No IRMAA |
| More than $212,000 through $266,000 | $259.00 | $13.70 |
| More than $266,000 through $334,000 | $370.00 | $35.30 |
| More than $334,000 through $400,000 | $480.90 | $57.00 |
| More than $400,000 but less than $750,000 | $591.90 | $78.60 |
| $750,000 or more | $628.90 | $85.80 |
Married filing separately
The 2025 Social Security table lists these Part B totals for married-filing-separately beneficiaries:
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|---|---|
| $106,000 or less | $185.00 standard premium |
| More than $106,000 but less than $394,000 | $591.90 |
| $394,000 or more | $628.90 |
Married filing separately has special rules that depend in part on whether spouses lived together during the relevant period. Check the filing-status notes in Social Security’s original table for the rule that applies to your circumstances. Part D also has separate married-filing-separately treatment; use the agency’s table rather than assuming the individual or joint-filer tiers apply.
How do Part B and Part D IRMAA affect what you pay?
- Part B: IRMAA increases the total Part B premium. The standard 2025 amount was $185 per month; the tiered figures above are higher total premiums.
- Part D: IRMAA is not the total cost of prescription coverage. It is an extra monthly amount added to your plan’s own premium. The plan premium varies by plan.
Most people have Part B premiums deducted from Social Security or Railroad Retirement Board benefits. If you pay Medicare directly, you receive a premium bill. Medicare says Part D IRMAA is billed monthly in the circumstances listed on its premium payment page.
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How do I appeal Medicare IRMAA after retirement?
Retirement by itself does not guarantee a lower IRMAA. Social Security considers a request when income has decreased due to a qualifying life-changing event and the household income now supports a lower adjustment. Examples the agency identifies include marriage, divorce, death of a spouse, loss of income, and an employer settlement payment. Social Security’s service guidance explains how to request a new determination, including Form SSA-44 where applicable.
- Read the notice. Confirm that it applies to 2025, identify whether it concerns Part B, Part D, or both, and note the determination and appeal-rights instructions.
- Check the inputs. Verify the filing status and tax year Social Security used, then compare the stated MAGI with the matching 2025 tier above.
- Contact Social Security if income has fallen after a qualifying event. Ask about a new determination and whether to submit Form SSA-44. Follow the instructions for your specific event and situation.
- Keep the notice and supporting evidence. Provide the information Social Security requests; the documentation and process can depend on the reason for review.
Social Security evaluates the request and supporting information, so a lower premium is not assured. Use the appeal rights and deadlines stated in your determination notice if you disagree with the decision.
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Where to verify 2025 amounts
For the official historical figures, consult the Social Security 2025 IRMAA table and the Medicare & You 2025 handbook. Confirm the premium year before comparing an amount with a newer notice, since thresholds and premiums are updated annually.
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