Ethereum’s Glamsterdam upgrade activated on the Sepolia testnet on October 6, 2026. Early blocks were configured with a gas limit near 200 million, up from about 60 million, but a CoinDesk sample found they used only about 52 million to 92 million gas each—roughly 26% to 46% of the available limit. That is evidence of a higher testnet block limit, not proof of sustained full-capacity performance or a threefold increase in transactions.
What changed after Glamsterdam?
Glamsterdam combines the Amsterdam execution-layer upgrade with the Gloas consensus-layer upgrade. The Ethereum Foundation identifies enshrined proposer-builder separation (ePBS) and block-level access lists (BALs) as its headline changes, alongside adjustments to gas pricing and accounting.
Proposer-builder separation moves into the protocol
EIP-7732, or ePBS, formalizes proposer-builder separation in Ethereum’s consensus protocol. The Foundation says it brings builder commitments and reveals, as well as proposer payment, into the protocol. It also separates consensus validation from execution validation to give validators more time to validate execution payloads. These are intended mechanisms; they do not by themselves demonstrate that blocks can remain full over a long period.
Block-level access lists describe state touched by a block
EIP-7928, or BALs, records the accounts and storage locations accessed during a block, together with post-transaction state changes. The Foundation says clients can use this information to read state from disk and validate transactions in parallel, and compute state roots more efficiently.
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Gas accounting changes too
EIP-8037 separately meters state-creation costs, while EIP-8038 updates state-access costs. Other changes affect intrinsic transaction gas, calldata, access lists and block accounting. The stated aim is to make gas costs better reflect resource use and long-term state growth.
How much gas did Sepolia blocks actually use?
CoinDesk reported that early post-upgrade Sepolia blocks had a configured limit near 200 million gas, compared with about 60 million before activation. In a sample of more than 25 consecutive blocks, it observed usage of roughly 52 million to 92 million gas per block—about 26% to 46% of the available allowance. None of the sampled blocks was close to the limit.
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A block gas limit is the maximum gas budget available for transactions in a block, not a measure of gas that every block must consume. The reported 200 million figure describes the configured ceiling in those early Sepolia blocks; the sampled usage was substantially lower.
Does a 200 million gas limit mean three times as many transactions?
No. The limit is a gas budget, not a fixed transaction count. Transactions consume different amounts of gas, and Glamsterdam changes the gas cost of some tasks. As a result, comparing the approximate 200 million limit with the former 60 million limit does not establish a threefold increase in transactions per block or throughput.
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The sample also does not show how Sepolia would behave under prolonged, saturated demand. It is an early observation of configured capacity and actual usage, not a long-duration performance test.
What do early block-production observations show?
CoinDesk separately reported that all 32 scheduled blocks were proposed during a six-minute voting period and that 99.97% of eligible testnet stake voted toward finality, citing the ethPandaOps explorer. That is a short observation window; it should not be treated as evidence of long-term reliability or sustained performance at the new gas limit.
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When is Glamsterdam coming to mainnet?
The Ethereum Foundation scheduled Sepolia activation for October 6, 2026, at 13:53:36 UTC. In its September 28 announcement, it said activation dates for Hoodi and mainnet had not yet been decided. Ethereum.org listed Q4 2026 as an expected mainnet window, but that is not a confirmed activation date. The Sepolia result is not a mainnet gas-limit measurement.
The roadmap also described a 150 million reference block gas limit for developers deriving accurate state pricing, and a 200 million gas-limit floor enabled by Glamsterdam. Those figures describe the upgrade’s development and scaling plan, not observed Sepolia usage or a confirmed mainnet setting.
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What should Ethereum developers and users check?
Contract maintainers
The Ethereum Foundation’s August 24, 2026 repricing guide says its replay of historical mainnet transactions found that the large majority were unaffected. Some contracts may nevertheless rely on assumptions changed by the new gas schedule. Potentially sensitive patterns include:
- Fixed gas stipends, including the 2,300 gas associated with Solidity
transferandsend. - Hardcoded gas values for calls.
- Branches or other logic that depend on
gasleft(). - Presigned transactions with fixed gas limits.
The Foundation recommends checking its affected-contracts tool and testing potentially broken paths on a Glamsterdam devnet. Increasing a supplied gas limit may resolve some failures, but maintainers should verify the affected call paths rather than assume every issue has the same remedy.
Wallet, RPC and node-tooling developers
Review gas-estimation logic and cached gas constants: the Foundation warns that outdated values may underestimate costs. Node operators need compatible execution- and consensus-layer clients. The Foundation’s Sepolia announcement also notes that some validator configurations default to a 60 million gas limit after activation and require an explicit 200-million setting to propose at that limit. Client releases and configuration guidance can change, so operators should use the current instructions in the Foundation announcement.
Regular users
The Foundation says regular users need no action when using updated wallets and infrastructure.
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Sources
- Ethereum Foundation: Sepolia Glamsterdam activation schedule, September 28, 2026.
- CoinDesk: early Sepolia gas-limit and block-usage observations, October 8, 2026.
- Ethereum.org: Ethereum roadmap and Glamsterdam scaling plan.
- Ethereum Foundation Protocol Research, EthPandaOps, and Specifications teams: Glamsterdam repricing guide, August 24, 2026.
- Tim Beiko, Ethereum Foundation: Soldøgn Interop recap, May 2, 2026.
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