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On February 1, 2025, the White House announced additional tariffs of 25% on imports from Canada and Mexico and 10% on imports from China. The measures were tied to fentanyl, migration and the synthetic opioid supply chain. They are no longer the whole picture. On February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court held that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) did not authorize the challenged reciprocal and fentanyl-related tariffs, and other tariff authorities remain in force. This article reflects official sources as of October 8, 2026.
The February 1, 2025 announcement
The White House fact sheet titled “Fact Sheet: President Donald J. Trump Imposes Tariffs on Imports from Canada, Mexico and China,” dated February 1, 2025, set out the following additional rates.
| Trade partner | Additional rate announced February 1, 2025 | Rationale the White House gave |
|---|---|---|
| Canada | 25% | Fentanyl and migration concerns |
| Mexico | 25% | Fentanyl and migration concerns |
| China | 10% | The synthetic opioid supply chain |
These are additional duties layered onto whatever else applies to a product. They are not the total duty owed on every imported item, and product-specific rules can change the result.
The fact sheet also used a trade argument. It described the U.S. goods trade deficit and stated: “However, in 2023 the U.S. trade deficit in goods was the world’s largest at over $1 trillion.” That is a 2023 figure, reported by the administration in its February 2025 fact sheet. It is not a current measure of the deficit. The rationales above are the administration’s own explanations. They describe its policy reasoning and do not, on their own, show that the tariffs would achieve those aims.
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The announcement and the start of collection were separate steps. The dates below come from the White House fact sheet, the Congressional Research Service (CRS) report Presidential 2025 Tariff Actions: Timeline and Status, the Supreme Court, and the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR).
| Date | What happened | Source |
|---|---|---|
| February 1, 2025 | Additional tariffs announced: 25% on Canada and Mexico, 10% on China | White House fact sheet |
| Initially delayed (announcement period) | The Canada and Mexico measures were initially delayed | CRS timeline |
| March 4, 2025 | Canada and Mexico measures take effect. The additional China tariff rises by 10 percentage points, bringing the additional rate described at that stage to 20% | CRS timeline |
| March 7, 2025 | Qualifying USMCA goods are excepted from the measures | CRS timeline |
| February 20, 2026 | Supreme Court decides Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump | Supreme Court opinion; USTR statement |
| February 20, 2026 | USTR’s index of presidential tariff actions records an order ending certain tariff actions | USTR “Presidential Tariff Actions” index |
| September 8, 2026 | USTR describes new actions under Section 338 affecting certain Canadian products, in response to Canada’s continued retaliation against the United States | USTR statement |
Canada and Mexico
The administration initially delayed the Canada and Mexico measures. When they took effect, the qualifying USMCA goods were excepted, which is why country-of-origin and trade-agreement status matter for any product from those two countries.
China
The China measure was the smaller of the original increases, at 10%, and it was raised during the same implementation window. The 10-point increase on March 4, 2025 is the step that took the additional China rate described at that stage to 20%. Readers comparing China with the other two partners should treat the 20% figure as a point-in-time description, not as a permanent rate.
The February 2026 Supreme Court ruling
In Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump, decided February 20, 2026, the Supreme Court held that IEEPA did not authorize the challenged reciprocal and fentanyl-related tariffs. The syllabus frames the question as whether IEEPA “authorizes the President to impose tariffs.”
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The Canada, Mexico and China measures of February 2025 were justified on fentanyl grounds and were imposed under IEEPA, the authority the Court addressed. That is why the ruling matters for them. USTR’s statement “Ambassador Greer Issues Statement on Supreme Court IEEPA Decision,” dated February 20, 2026, said the decision addressed only IEEPA tariffs. Tariffs under other authorities remained in place, including Section 301 tariffs on China and Section 232 sectoral tariffs.
The ruling therefore removed one legal basis for the 2025 measures. It did not erase every tariff connected to China, Canada or Mexico, and it did not restore the 2025 announcement as the current tariff schedule.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What remains in force, by legal authority
The right way to read current tariff status is by authority, product, origin and date. The table below summarizes what the official sources in this article state.
| Legal authority | Measures covered | Status stated in official sources (as of October 8, 2026) |
|---|---|---|
| IEEPA | Reciprocal and fentanyl-related tariffs, including the February 2025 Canada, Mexico and China measures | Held not authorized by the Supreme Court on February 20, 2026. USTR’s index records a February 20, 2026 order ending certain tariff actions. |
| Section 301 | Tariffs on China | Remained in place, according to USTR’s February 20, 2026 statement |
| Section 232 | Sectoral tariffs | Remained in place, according to USTR’s February 20, 2026 statement |
| Section 338 | Certain Canadian products | Actions reported in USTR’s September 8, 2026 statement. Product list and rates: not established by that statement |
Section 338 is a different authority from the 2025 IEEPA measures. It should not be read as a continuation of the February 2025 announcement.
How to check whether a tariff applies to a specific product
Use the following steps to test any particular import against the current record:
Quick Recap
- Confirm the country of origin. Tariffs are tied to where goods are made or substantially transformed, not only the country they were shipped from.
- Find the product’s tariff classification. The classification code determines which measures can apply to that item.
- Identify the legal authority. Check whether the measure is under IEEPA, Section 301, Section 232, Section 338 or another authority. The Supreme Court ruling affects only the IEEPA measures.
- Check the effective date and any amendments. Look up the action in USTR’s “Presidential Tariff Actions” index, which records amendments, including the February 20, 2026 order.
- Check exceptions. For Canada and Mexico, confirm whether the goods qualify under USMCA, since qualifying goods have been excepted since March 7, 2025.
- Separate the added duty from the base duty. The result of this check is an added rate on top of existing duties, not a single headline percentage.
What the official record does not establish
- How these tariffs changed consumer or retail prices. The sources cited here do not measure price effects.
- Whether the administration’s stated rationales are borne out. The fact sheet’s reasons are attributed to the administration and are not independently verified here.
- A complete product-by-product duty calculation for any Canadian, Mexican or Chinese good.
- The status of each individual 2025 action after the February 20, 2026 ruling. The USTR index is the place to check line-by-line status.
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