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What the $4.9 billion figure measures
The White House’s FY2027 budget requests $20.8 billion in USDA discretionary budget authority, down $4.9 billion, or 19%, from FY2026 enacted levels. That is the administration’s USDA-wide summary figure and compares its FY2027 request with the amount Congress enacted for FY2026—not with the prior year’s request.
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Congressional Research Service (CRS) reports a related but not identical total: $22.055 billion for discretionary appropriations within the jurisdiction of the Agriculture appropriations subcommittee, $4.923 billion or 18.2% below FY2026 enacted levels. The CRS figure covers that appropriations jurisdiction; it should not be substituted for the White House’s USDA-wide topline. USDA’s FY2026 budget summary, meanwhile, put the department’s FY2026 discretionary request at $22.1 billion. That request is not the enacted baseline used for the FY2027 comparison.
These figures concern discretionary budget authority, not every source of federal support flowing through USDA. CRS defines budget authority as “the amount of funding provided by an act of Congress for an agency to enter into financial obligations on behalf of the United States that will result in immediate or future outlays.”
Which USDA programs face the largest proposed reductions?
The account-level comparisons below are CRS figures against FY2026 enacted levels. “Proposed” matters: these are reductions in the administration’s request, not enacted program cuts.
| Program or account | Proposed change |
|---|---|
| Food for Peace Title II international food aid grants | $1.2 billion reduction; proposed for elimination (100%) |
| Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Conservation Operations | $739 million reduction (86.9%) |
| National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) research and extension grants | $655 million reduction (32.3%) |
| Rural Housing Service (RHS) grants and loans | $648 million reduction (20.9%) |
| Food and Nutrition Administration commodity assistance programs | $460 million reduction (83.5%) |
| Rural Utilities Service programs | $330 million reduction (55.4%), including $243 million (54.6%) for Rural Water and Waste Disposal |
| Farm Service Agency salaries, expenses and programs | $266 million reduction (22.7%) |
| McGovern-Dole Food for Education | $240 million reduction; proposed for elimination (100%) |
| Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) | $200 million reduction (2.4%) |
| Hatch Act formula funding for university agricultural research | $265 million proposed for elimination |
| Rural Business-Cooperative Service (RBCS) | $81 million proposed for elimination |
CRS also identifies a proposed elimination of the Community Facilities Program, a narrower account within rural housing and community development. Its selected-program listing does not give a separate reduction amount for that item.
Not every account would be cut
The request includes proposed increases alongside reductions. CRS lists $80 million more for RHS Rental Assistance and $23 million more for RBCS Guaranteed Business and Industry Loans, as well as smaller increases for the Food Safety and Inspection Service and selected administrative accounts. The White House separately highlights $50 million for continuing USDA reorganization. Those are requested amounts, not appropriations Congress has enacted.
The mix means the $4.9 billion topline does not represent an identical reduction across every USDA activity. Some of the steepest percentage reductions are in accounts proposed for elimination, while other programs face smaller percentage changes or increases.
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How the request compares with the House bill
The House-passed bill and the administration’s request are separate proposals. CRS reports that H.R. 8646 would provide $26.265 billion for the Agriculture appropriations jurisdiction—$4.209 billion more than the administration’s $22.055 billion request for that same jurisdiction. This comparison uses the CRS jurisdictional total, not the White House’s $20.8 billion USDA-wide summary.
| FY2027 measure | Amount | Status in CRS report |
|---|---|---|
| Administration request, Agriculture appropriations jurisdiction | $22.055 billion | Requested; $4.923 billion or 18.2% below FY2026 enacted levels |
| House bill, H.R. 8646, Agriculture appropriations jurisdiction | $26.265 billion | Passed by the House on June 4, 2026, by 213–210 |
What Congress had enacted as of September 10, 2026
CRS’s report, published September 10, 2026, says the Senate Appropriations Committee had not marked up an FY2027 Agriculture appropriations bill. It also reports that P.L. 119-103, enacted September 2, continued government funding at FY2026 levels through December 11, 2026. Thus, at the date of that report, the regular FY2027 Agriculture appropriations process was unfinished and the proposed USDA reductions had not become the new enacted funding level. Congressional action after September 10 is not reflected here.
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