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The United States imposed tariffs on Canadian goods on March 4, 2025, after a month-long pause. The announced rates were 25% on Canadian exports and 10% on Canadian energy. Canada responded that day with an initial 25% tariff phase covering $30 billion in U.S. imports. The White House described a USMCA-based adjustment two days later, and later changes mean those March rates are historical context—not a complete schedule of duties applying today.
What happened on March 4, 2025?
A February 3, 2025, White House order had paused additional duties on Canadian goods until 12:01 a.m. Eastern on March 4 while the administration assessed steps Canada had taken. The order invoked the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) and described drug trafficking and other border concerns as an unusual and extraordinary threat. The February 3 order
On March 3, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said the United States would proceed after the 30-day pause with 25% tariffs on Canadian exports and 10% tariffs on Canadian energy. The White House later stated that the tariffs were issued on March 4. Trudeau’s March 3 statement · White House fact sheet, March 6
How did Canada respond?
On March 4, Canada’s Department of Finance announced a first phase of 25% tariffs on $30 billion of U.S. imports, effective at 12:01 a.m. that day. Canada said it could extend the response to another $125 billion if U.S. tariffs continued, for a potential total of $155 billion. The $125 billion was a possible later phase, not part of the initial $30 billion phase that took effect that day. Department of Finance Canada, March 4
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Canada’s release also described a $1.3 billion border plan. Finance Minister Dominic LeBlanc said Canada was being “needlessly and unfairly targeted” and had “no choice but to respond.” Foreign Affairs Minister Mélanie Joly called the U.S. action a harmful course threatening both countries’ prosperity. These were Canadian officials’ statements about the dispute, not neutral findings.
What changed in the White House’s March 6 adjustment?
The White House’s March 6 fact sheet described a revised treatment based on whether goods claimed and qualified for USMCA preference. Its account distinguished goods outside that preference from qualifying goods:
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| Goods, as described by the White House on March 6 | Described tariff treatment |
|---|---|
| Canadian goods outside USMCA preference | 25% |
| Canadian energy outside USMCA preference | 10% |
| Specified potash outside USMCA preference | 10% |
| Goods from Canada that claimed and qualified for USMCA preference | No tariffs under the adjustment described in the fact sheet |
These are the White House’s descriptions of its March 6 adjustment; they should not be read as a statement that the initial March 4 treatment remained unchanged or as a current, product-by-product tariff schedule. The fact sheet tied the exemption to both claiming and qualifying for USMCA preference.
Why did the two governments disagree about the justification?
The U.S. order presented drug trafficking and other border concerns as the basis for invoking IEEPA. Canada disputed the justification. In its March 4 release, the Canadian government said less than 1% of fentanyl and illegal crossings into the United States came from Canada.
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Canada also reported that fentanyl seizures from Canada fell 97% from December 2024 to January 2025, citing U.S. Customs and Border Protection data. Trudeau’s March 3 statement put the January seizure amount at 0.03 pounds. These figures are the Canadian government’s account of the data; they are not an independent verification of the underlying seizure records or a resolution of the governments’ disagreement.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Do the March 4 rates describe tariffs today?
No. Later policy changes substantially altered the picture, so the March 4 announcement alone cannot establish which duties apply to a particular Canadian product now. A Government of Canada statement on August 22, 2025, said qualifying CUSMA exports were not subject to U.S. IEEPA tariffs, put the average U.S. tariff rate on Canadian goods at 5.6%, and said more than 85% of bilateral trade was tariff-free. Those were dated figures and claims from the Canadian government, not a current item-level customs determination. Canada also said it would remove tariffs on U.S. goods specifically covered by CUSMA effective September 1, 2025. Government of Canada statement, August 22, 2025
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A July 2026 White House fact sheet described additional 50% tariffs on certain Canadian goods under Section 338. It also reported an approximately 22% decline—about $5.6 billion—in Canadian imports of U.S. motor vehicles in April 2025–March 2026 compared with the comparable prior period. That is the White House’s reported comparison, not an independent economic-impact finding; the fact sheet alone does not establish which products are covered by current duties. For an actual shipment, verify the applicable current proclamation and product-specific tariff treatment rather than relying on the March 2025 rates or a broad summary.
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