The United States has the world’s largest reported official gold holdings, followed by Germany, Italy and France. The latest accessible ranking puts their holdings at approximately 8,134, 3,350, 2,452 and 2,437 tonnes, respectively. These are official reserve assets—not all the gold inside each country, and not a measure of money immediately available to spend.
Which countries have the most gold reserves?
The table ranks the four largest reported official gold holders. The World Gold Council (WGC) dashboard, dated 6 October 2026, labels its dataset as of 30 June 2026. Country observations are not all from the same month, so the figures below are rounded rather than presented as exact, synchronized totals.
| Rank | Country | Approximate official holdings | Observation-date note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 8,134 tonnes | 2026 ranking; the WGC dashboard dataset is labeled as of 30 June 2026, with country reporting dates varying. |
| 2 | Germany | 3,350 tonnes | 2026 ranking; the WGC dashboard dataset is labeled as of 30 June 2026, with country reporting dates varying. |
| 3 | Italy | 2,452 tonnes | 2026 ranking; the WGC dashboard dataset is labeled as of 30 June 2026, with country reporting dates varying. |
| 4 | France | 2,437 tonnes | The accessible 2026 ranking displays 31 March 2026 for France. |
The WGC says it compiles country gold-reserve data primarily from the International Monetary Fund’s International Financial Statistics (IMF IFS), supplementing the series with other sources where applicable. Its dashboard identifies the September 2026 IMF IFS edition as an input. The WGC says IFS figures arrive two months in arrears: most country holdings are therefore as of June 2026, while late reporters may be as of March 2026 or earlier. It may also adjust records for known movements not yet reported to the IMF or for misprints. Read the WGC’s central-bank gold-reserve dashboard and methodology.
What “official gold reserves” means—and what it does not
In this ranking, gold reserves means reported official monetary holdings, primarily gold held by central banks, with other official institutions included where applicable. It does not mean all gold mined in a country, privately owned gold held by its residents, underground mineral deposits, or all bars physically stored within its borders. The ranking describes reported official holdings, not the location of every bar.
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Calling these holdings “hidden wealth” can also mislead. They are reserve assets, not necessarily secret, and their reported value does not mean a government can freely use that amount for ordinary spending. The WGC describes gold as part of central-bank reserves for its “safety, liquidity and return characteristics”—investment objectives that help explain why official institutions hold it. The statement appears on the WGC dashboard.
Why the figures are approximate
The dashboard’s overall “as of” date does not make every country’s observation date identical. Reporting lags create a mixed-vintage comparison, and the accessible 2026 ranking provides rounded figures rather than a fully verifiable set of current, exact country rows. The WGC’s downloadable spreadsheet was not accessible for confirming those rows. For that reason, the table uses rounded tonnes and retains the ranking’s stated date note for France rather than implying precision the underlying accessible data do not support.
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An older cross-check illustrates why extra decimal places should not be mistaken for current precision. The International Precious Metals Institute’s 2025 annual report reproduces IFS-based figures of 8,133.5 tonnes for the United States and 3,350.3 tonnes for Germany, both for February 2025; 2,451.8 tonnes for Italy and 2,437.0 tonnes for France, both for March 2025. These are earlier observations, not exact updates to the 2026 ranking. See the International Precious Metals Institute.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Tonnes and reserve share answer different questions
Tonnes answer which country holds the greatest absolute quantity of official gold; on that measure, the United States is far ahead of the other three. Gold’s share of a country’s total reserves answers a different question: how heavily that country relies on gold relative to its other reserve assets. A country can hold fewer tonnes but have a larger gold share. The WGC dashboard provides both measures, but the current country-level share figures are not reproduced here, so the ranking should not be read as a ranking by reserve share.
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For scale only, the WGC estimated that central banks and other official institutions held 38,600 tonnes of gold, worth about US$5 trillion, at the end of 2025. That is a global estimate for a different date, not a like-for-like valuation of the four countries in the October 2026 dashboard. Read the WGC’s overview of central-bank gold demand.
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