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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchA wallet’s “failed” or “pending” message does not tell you whether a Solana transaction reached the network, expired before landing, or ran and failed. Start with the transaction signature: check its status and details, then use the error and logs to choose a fix. Avoid resubmitting until you know whether the original transaction landed.
First, find out what happened to the transaction
- Copy the transaction signature from your wallet or application. If you cannot find one, the transaction may not have been submitted successfully.
- Look it up on an RPC service or explorer. Solana’s getTransaction method retrieves transaction details by signature. Check status and details using an endpoint that is on the right cluster and has a current view of the network.
- If details are available, inspect the error and logs. A transaction can land but fail during processing; its logs can identify the program instruction that failed. If details are unavailable, do not assume the transaction is permanently failed based on one wallet spinner or one RPC response. A lagging endpoint may not yet show it.
- Before retrying, check whether the original landed. A repeated submission may encounter an
AlreadyProcessedstatus, and an unverified replacement can risk repeating an operation that already succeeded.
Solana’s transaction pipeline passes through validation, fee-payer checks, account loading, instruction execution and commit. The stage at which a transaction fails determines the remedy.
Use simulation and logs to locate execution failures
For a transaction that reached instruction processing, read its logs to identify the failing instruction, program and relevant account or authority. Correct the transaction’s inputs, accounts, signatures or program-specific requirements rather than repeatedly sending the same message.
When developing, use simulateTransaction and examine its error field and logs before submission. Simulation can also report compute consumed. A sendTransaction preflight failure returns a sparser subset of information in its error data, so simulation output may offer more context. Keeping preflight enabled during development helps expose problems before relying on a transaction’s result on-chain.
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Check for an expired or unrecognized blockhash
A recent blockhash is part of the signed transaction message. It can become too old to use, causing an error such as BlockhashNotFound; a hash must also be a valid durable nonce to qualify for that alternative. Solana’s documentation describes recent-blockhash validity as roughly 150 blocks or about 60–90 seconds in its production guidance, and as a maximum age of 151 blocks in its confirmation guide. These are approximate operating explanations, not a guaranteed timer: use the transaction’s returned lastValidBlockHeight.
If the transaction has expired, build a new transaction with a fresh blockhash and obtain the required authorization or signature for the changed message. A new blockhash cannot be inserted into an already signed message while keeping its old signature valid. Solana’s production-readiness guidance recommends tracking the last-valid height; the confirmation and expiration guide explains blockhash validity and confirmation handling.
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Check RPC health and commitment settings
A transaction can appear to have an unknown blockhash or be forwarded inconsistently if the application fetches the blockhash from one node but simulates or sends through a lagging node. A stale node may also fail to return a transaction that another endpoint can see. Check the endpoint’s health, cluster and commitment view before concluding the transaction is absent.
Solana recommends using the same commitment level when fetching the blockhash and setting preflightCommitment. Its confirmation guidance generally recommends confirmed for blockhash retrieval: it is close to processed while carrying a low chance of coming from a dropped fork. A more finalized blockhash trades away some of its short validity window. Where possible, use a healthy RPC endpoint and track block height rather than relying on a fixed wait.
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Match the error to the right fix
| What you find | Likely issue | What to check or change |
|---|---|---|
BlockhashNotFound or an expired transaction |
The recent blockhash is too old, or the receiving node has not recognized it. | Check lastValidBlockHeight, endpoint health and commitment consistency. If expired, rebuild with a fresh blockhash and obtain the necessary signature. |
| Fee-payer or balance error | The fee payer is missing, invalid, or unable to cover required fees. | Verify that the fee payer exists, is an allowed account type and has enough SOL for fees and any applicable rent-exempt minimum. |
| Missing program or invalid compute-budget instruction | The transaction is malformed or does not include a required program or valid compute-budget instruction. | Inspect the transaction and preflight or simulation error; correct the program, instruction or account configuration. |
| A program instruction fails in the logs | The transaction reached execution, but an instruction’s inputs, accounts, authority or program-specific condition did not pass. | Use the logs to locate the failing instruction and correct the cause in the transaction. |
| No details from one endpoint | The transaction may not have landed, or that RPC node may be behind or viewing a different state. | Check the signature using a healthy endpoint on the correct cluster before retrying. |
These failure categories follow Solana’s documented transaction pipeline; the transaction’s own error and logs are needed to identify which one applies.
Understand failed-transaction fees
Solana charges the fee payer before instruction execution, so a failed transaction can still cost SOL. Solana’s fee documentation lists a base fee of 5,000 lamports per signature. The total is not a universal fixed amount: it depends on the transaction’s signatures and configuration, and an optional prioritization fee may also apply.
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A priority fee can improve scheduling priority when the network is competitive; it cannot repair a stale blockhash, missing signature, invalid account or failing instruction, and it does not guarantee that a transaction will land.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.When compute limits and priority fees are relevant
Consider compute settings when the logs or simulation point to compute needs, or when network competition is delaying scheduling. Estimate the transaction’s compute needs and set a suitable limit rather than choosing an unnecessarily high one. Solana’s documented maximum is 1,400,000 compute units per transaction.
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For legacy and v0 transactions, the prioritization fee is based on the compute-unit price multiplied by the requested compute-unit limit, rounded up to lamports. Because the requested limit—not just actual compute used—affects the fee, an excessive limit can increase cost without fixing the underlying problem. See Solana’s fee structure for the documented calculation.
Prevent repeat failures in applications
- Fetch a recent blockhash close to signing and retain its
lastValidBlockHeight. - Use matching commitment settings for blockhash retrieval and preflight, and use an RPC endpoint with a current view of the correct cluster.
- Simulate during development and inspect errors, logs and compute consumption before sending.
- Estimate compute requirements and set a suitable limit; consider a priority fee only when scheduling competition is the problem.
- Track confirmation and expiry by block height. Before creating a replacement, check whether the original signature landed.
- Do not automatically replace an expired transaction with a newly signed message on a user’s behalf when the changed message requires that user’s authorization.
Solana’s production-readiness documentation includes implementation examples using @solana/kit; SDK interfaces can change, so consult the current documentation when implementing them.
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