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Guide

Who Can Invest in Floating Rate Savings Bonds, and What Are the Premature-Withdrawal Rules?

By TheFinanceBase Team 7 min read

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Floating Rate Savings Bonds, 2020 (Taxable) (FRSB 2020 (T)) can be held by a person resident in India, including individual, joint and either-or-survivor holdings; by a parent or legal guardian for a minor; or by a Hindu Undivided Family (HUF). They run for seven years and are not tradable. Early encashment is not generally available on demand: only investors who are at least 60 on the encashment date can surrender after an age-based lock-in of four, five or six years, with payment on the next 1 January or 1 July interest-payment date.

Who is eligible to invest?

The Department of Economic Affairs scheme summary dated 26 June 2020 defines the permitted holders. It uses the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA), definition of a “person resident in India” for the residency test. The eligible categories are:

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  • An individual resident in India, in an individual capacity.
  • Two or more eligible individuals jointly.
  • Individuals on an either-or-survivor basis. The holding arrangement determines who can operate or receive the investment under the account mandate.
  • A parent or legal guardian on behalf of a minor. The adult is the holder’s representative for the minor’s investment.
  • A Hindu Undivided Family.

The scheme summary does not list companies, partnerships, trusts or other entities as eligible applicants in the categories above. Do not assume that an entity can subscribe merely because an individual connected with it could invest personally; the receiving institution must apply the scheme’s permitted-holder rules.

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Can a non-resident Indian (NRI) invest?

The published eligibility language is tied to FEMA residence in India and does not create a separate NRI exception. The practical reading is that an NRI who is not a “person resident in India” under FEMA does not fit the individual-resident category. A person’s status can depend on the facts and the FEMA definition, so an applicant who has changed residence should obtain confirmation from the authorised Receiving Office or a qualified adviser before subscribing.

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Can a minor hold the bonds?

Yes. A parent or legal guardian may subscribe on behalf of a minor. The minor is the beneficiary of that holding, while the adult acts in the permitted representative capacity. Keep the relationship and guardianship documents requested by the Receiving Office, because the institution must verify the applicant and the account instructions.

What exactly are these bonds?

FRSB 2020 (T) are interest-bearing Government of India savings bonds with a seven-year tenor. They are non-tradeable, so an investor cannot sell them on a stock exchange or transfer them as if they were marketable securities. RBI’s 23 October 2023 notice also describes subscription through the RBI Retail Direct Portal. Authorised Receiving Offices continue to service applications and accounts through the procedures they prescribe.

The bonds are issued electronically in a Bond Ledger Account. The investor receives a Certificate of Holding as evidence of subscription rather than a paper bond certificate. The minimum subscription is ₹1,000, and additional subscriptions must be in multiples of ₹1,000. The government scheme summary states that there is no maximum investment limit.

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How the floating interest rate works

The coupon resets every half-year at 35 basis points (0.35 percentage points) above the prevailing National Savings Certificate (NSC) rate. That is a formula, not a permanently fixed rate. The numerical rate announcement identified for this material covered 1 July–31 December 2023; it should not be presented as the live rate in 2026. Check the latest RBI coupon announcement before relying on a current percentage. Interest-payment dates relevant to the encashment rule are 1 January and 1 July.

When is premature encashment allowed?

Premature encashment is a limited facility for senior-citizen investors. Your age is tested on the date of premature encashment, not simply when you bought the bond. The lock-in depends on the age band you meet on that date:

Age on encashment date Minimum lock-in Earliest surrender point When money is paid
60 to under 70 Six years After the 12th half-year The following 1 January or 1 July interest-payment date
70 to under 80 Five years After the 10th half-year The following 1 January or 1 July interest-payment date
80 or older Four years After the 8th half-year The following 1 January or 1 July interest-payment date

RBI’s operational guidelines, originally issued on 30 June 2020 and updated on 27 June 2022, describe surrender after the applicable eighth, tenth or twelfth half-year. The table’s “earliest surrender point” is therefore a milestone, not a promise of same-day liquidity.

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Reaching the lock-in does not produce immediate cash

There are two separate events: submitting an eligible surrender request and receiving the redemption proceeds. Once the applicable half-year milestone has passed, the investor may ask the Receiving Office to accept surrender. Payment is made on the next scheduled interest-payment due date—1 January or 1 July. A request submitted shortly after a due date can therefore wait for the next one rather than being paid immediately.

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What date determines the age band?

The relevant age is the holder’s age on the actual premature-encashment date. If a holder is close to a birthday or an age-band boundary, the Receiving Office will apply the age on the date it processes the eligible encashment, subject to its records and the scheme rules. This prevents an investor from selecting a shorter lock-in merely because the investor will reach a higher age later.

What proof is required?

The Receiving Office must be satisfied with documentary evidence of the holder’s date of birth. Submit the identification or age document the office accepts and allow it to verify the record before relying on the shorter lock-in. If the evidence is incomplete or inconsistent, the office can require clarification before accepting the request.

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How to request premature encashment

  1. Confirm the holder category and age. The facility is for an eligible investor who is at least 60 on the proposed encashment date; it is not a general withdrawal option for every bondholder.
  2. Check the holding period. Match the investor’s age band with the six-, five- or four-year lock-in and confirm that the relevant 12th, 10th or 8th half-year has passed.
  3. Gather the Bond Ledger Account details and date-of-birth evidence. The Certificate of Holding and identification documents help the Receiving Office locate and verify the investment.
  4. Contact the servicing channel. Submit the surrender request through the authorised Receiving Office servicing the account, using its current form and document checklist. RBI also makes the scheme available for subscription through the Retail Direct Portal; the servicing route and current submission process should be confirmed in the portal or with RBI before filing.
  5. Ask for the applicable payment date. The office should identify whether the next 1 January or 1 July is the scheduled redemption date for the accepted request.
  6. Keep the acknowledgement. Retain the surrender acknowledgement and any communication about document deficiencies or the scheduled payment date until the proceeds arrive.
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Investor aged 65

A holder who is 65 on the encashment date falls in the 60-to-under-70 band. The bond must have completed the six-year lock-in, and surrender is available only after the 12th half-year. If the request is accepted after that milestone but before the next scheduled payment date, the money is paid on the following 1 January or 1 July—not on the day the form is submitted.

Investor aged 72

A 72-year-old holder uses the 70-to-under-80 rule: five years and the 10th half-year. Turning 70 after purchase does not itself create an immediate right to cash; the lock-in and the age on the encashment date must both satisfy the operational guideline.

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Investor aged 82

An investor aged 82 on the encashment date may use the four-year lock-in after the eighth half-year. The same scheduled-payment rule applies, so the proceeds follow on 1 January or 1 July.

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What happens at normal maturity?

FRSB 2020 (T) is repayable after seven years. An investor who does not qualify for the senior-citizen premature-encashment facility generally remains invested until that maturity under the scheme’s terms. Because the bonds are non-tradeable, an investor cannot create earlier liquidity by selling them in a market. Plan cash needs around the seven-year term and the two annual payment dates rather than treating the bond as an on-demand deposit.

Important limits and points the rules do not establish

  • No universal early-withdrawal right: age eligibility and the relevant lock-in are both required.
  • No instant payment: acceptance of surrender and receipt of funds are separated by the next 1 January or 1 July due date.
  • No current coupon can be inferred from the formula alone: the NSC reference rate changes, so use the latest RBI announcement for the applicable half-year.
  • No separate penalty amount is established here: the cited RBI operational passage specifies the age bands, lock-ins, documentation and payment schedule but does not state a penalty figure. Do not import a charge from a different savings-bond issue.
  • Residency is a FEMA question: citizenship or an Indian bank account by itself does not establish eligibility under the scheme’s “person resident in India” wording.

Eligibility and liquidity checklist

  • Are you a person resident in India under FEMA, applying individually, jointly or on an either-or-survivor basis?
  • If investing for a child, are you the child’s parent or legal guardian and able to provide the required records?
  • Are you investing as an HUF rather than an unlisted entity not named in the scheme summary?
  • Can you commit the money for seven years if you do not meet the senior-citizen encashment conditions?
  • If you are at least 60, have you matched your age on the encashment date to the correct four-, five- or six-year lock-in?
  • Has the eighth, tenth or twelfth half-year milestone passed, and have you allowed for payment on the next 1 January or 1 July?
  • Do your date-of-birth documents satisfy the Receiving Office?

For the authoritative terms, use the Department of Economic Affairs’ 26 June 2020 scheme summary and RBI’s operational guidelines updated 27 June 2022. RBI’s 23 October 2023 Retail Direct notice confirms the portal route and the seven-year, non-tradeable structure. Check RBI’s latest coupon announcement for the current half-year before making an investment decision.

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