If a delay makes you miss your connection, go to the airline’s transfer desk or contact the airline immediately. Ask to be rebooked to the final destination printed on your ticket, and ask whether the rest of your itinerary is still protected. Save every booking document and receipt, ask what meals, refreshments, hotel and transport the airline will provide, and check which passenger-rights rules fit your route and operating carrier. A through booking, rather than separate tickets, is often decisive; compensation is never automatic.
What to do in the first 30 minutes
1. Contact the airline before making a new booking
Use the transfer desk, departure gate staff, the airline’s app, telephone line or airport service counter as soon as you know the connection is lost. State clearly that a delay on the same itinerary caused the missed connection. Ask for re-routing to the ticketed final destination, not merely help reaching the intermediate airport.
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If the journey was sold as one reservation, ask the agent to confirm that every remaining segment is protected after the change. Request the new flight number, departure time, terminal and baggage instructions in writing, even if the agent also gives you verbal information.
2. Find out whether your remaining flights are still valid
Ask the airline to state whether you are automatically rebooked, whether you must accept a specific replacement, and whether any later sectors will be cancelled as a result of the missed connection. Do not assume that a boarding pass in an app means the onward seat is secure. If the itinerary involves another carrier, ask which airline controls the rebooking and obtain a case or reference number.
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3. Ask about immediate care
When the wait is long, ask what the airline will provide for meals, refreshments, accommodation and transport. In covered UK and EU situations, assistance can be owed while you wait even when a cash-compensation claim ultimately fails. Ask for vouchers first. If none are available and you must pay for a necessary expense, keep itemised receipts and choose a reasonable option; reimbursement depends on the applicable rules and the circumstances.
4. Preserve evidence while events are fresh
Keep the booking confirmation, all boarding passes, delay or cancellation notices, baggage records, airline chat transcripts, emails, screenshots and receipts. Note the scheduled and actual arrival time of each flight, when you reached the gate, and the time and substance of conversations with staff. Submit any request or claim in writing and retain a copy. This is practical recordkeeping, not a universal statutory checklist, but it makes it possible to show what happened.
5. Protect a separate-ticket journey
If the connection was bought on separate tickets, tell the next airline immediately that you may miss its flight and ask about its own change or no-show policy. Do not assume the first airline must protect a separately purchased ticket, and do not assume the second airline will waive its rules. The legal and contractual treatment of separate tickets is not governed by one worldwide standard.
Five facts determine which rights you may have
No one can answer “Do I have compensation?” from the missed connection alone. Before asserting an entitlement, identify these facts:
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| Fact | Why it matters | What to record |
|---|---|---|
| Booking arrangement | A single through booking is treated differently from separate tickets in official UK guidance and in many airline contracts. | One reservation code or multiple ticket numbers; the final destination printed on the ticket. |
| Itinerary geography | UK261 and EU Regulation 261/2004 have geographic and itinerary conditions. A connection does not become covered merely because it was missed. | Every departure and arrival airport, including whether a flight starts or ends in the UK or EU. |
| Operating carrier | Coverage can depend on which airline operated the delayed flight, not only on the company that sold the ticket. | Operating airline shown on the boarding pass and confirmation. |
| Cause of the delay | Technical or operational disruption may be assessed differently from events classed as extraordinary circumstances. The cause can affect compensation while not eliminating care. | The airline’s stated reason, disruption notice and any later written explanation. |
| Arrival at the final destination | For covered connecting journeys, the delay at the final ticketed destination is important. A long wait at the hub is not itself the compensation measurement. | Scheduled and actual arrival times at the final destination. |
One through booking versus separate tickets
When all flights are on one reservation
GOV.UK guidance tells passengers who booked connecting flights together and missed the connection because of a delay to speak to their airline. In practical terms, ask that airline to arrange onward travel to the final destination shown on the reservation and to confirm that the rest of the itinerary remains protected. Whether you also qualify for statutory compensation depends on the route, carrier, cause and final-arrival delay; a single booking does not, by itself, guarantee payment.
When each flight has its own ticket
Separate tickets create two contracts and usually leave a gap between them. The airline that delayed the first flight may have no obligation under the second ticket, while the second airline may apply its published change or missed-flight conditions. Some carriers voluntarily help, but that is a policy decision rather than a universal right established by the sources considered here. Ask both airlines for written answers and check any travel-insurance or card coverage you already hold, without assuming it will pay.
Why the distinction changes your next move
With a through booking, concentrate first on re-routing and protection of the itinerary. With separate tickets, concentrate on preventing a second no-show, compare the cost of an airline-approved change with a new ticket, and document every communication. Avoid buying an expensive replacement before asking the responsible airline what it will authorize; an unapproved purchase may be harder to recover.
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Care while you wait
Care means practical assistance during a disruption: food and drink in reasonable relation to the waiting time, and, where an overnight stay is necessary, accommodation and transport between the airport and hotel. UK and EU guidance treats this assistance separately from a cash award. Eligibility, time thresholds and the definition of a covered journey depend on the applicable regime, so ask the airline to identify the rule it is applying.
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Cash compensation
Compensation is a payment assessed after the journey, not a substitute for immediate rebooking or meals. The relevant questions are whether the journey falls within UK261 or EU Regulation 261/2004, whether the delay was attributable to the operating airline or an extraordinary circumstance under that regime, and how late you reached the final destination.
The European Commission’s 2024 interpretative communication states: “In accordance with Article 3(1), point (a), of Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, passengers who missed a connection within the EU, or a connection outside the EU with a flight coming from an airport situated in the territory of a Member State, should be entitled to compensation, if they arrived at their final destination with a delay of more than 3 hours.” This sentence is limited to journeys covered by that regulation; it is not a worldwide promise and does not remove the route, carrier and cause conditions.
Extraordinary circumstances
The EU passenger-rights FAQ explains that extraordinary circumstances can remove compensation entitlement while assistance and care may still apply. Therefore, an airline’s refusal to pay compensation does not automatically answer whether it must provide food, a hotel or transport during the wait. Ask for each remedy separately and request the reason for any refusal.
Checking UK and EU coverage
Start with the official passenger-rights information for the place of departure, destination and operating carrier. UK261 and EU Regulation 261/2004 are geographically scoped systems; neither is a general rule for every international itinerary. The same physical delay can produce different results when the route, airline or booking arrangement changes.
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| Situation to examine | What you can safely conclude |
|---|---|
| Journey appears to fall under UK rules | Read the current GOV.UK guidance and the UK Civil Aviation Authority’s complaint information. Check the exact itinerary and operating carrier before claiming a fixed remedy. |
| Journey appears to fall under EU rules | Check Regulation 261/2004 coverage and the European Commission’s guidance. For a covered connection, final-destination arrival more than three hours late is relevant to compensation, subject to cause and other conditions. |
| Journey is outside those systems | Do not import UK or EU thresholds. Use the airline’s contract, the law of the relevant country and any applicable insurance or card terms. |
A historical 2013 proposal sometimes appears in search results. It is not current enacted law and should not be used to decide a claim. Use current UK or EU guidance instead.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How to submit a claim
- Identify the correct claimant and flight. Use the passenger name, booking reference, ticket numbers, operating carrier, flight numbers and dates.
- Describe the chain of events. Give scheduled and actual times for the delayed flight, the missed connection and arrival at the final destination. Explain that the connection was on one reservation if that is the case.
- Separate each request. Ask for reimbursement of eligible care expenses, re-routing issues and any statutory compensation as distinct items. This prevents a response about one remedy from being mistaken for a decision on another.
- Attach evidence. Include confirmations, boarding passes, disruption notices, written airline messages and itemised receipts. Keep the originals and a complete copy of what you send.
- Request a written reason. If the airline denies the claim, ask it to state the coverage rule, operating-carrier analysis, delay cause and final-arrival calculation on which it relied.
- Escalate through the correct channel. For an applicable UK complaint, the UK Civil Aviation Authority describes alternative-dispute-resolution and PACT routes after you have complained to the airline. For an EU matter, use the national enforcement or alternative-dispute-resolution body identified for the route and airline. An escalation body cannot turn an uncovered itinerary into a covered one, so submit the factual record first.
Troubleshooting common airport problems
The desk says, “It was a separate ticket”
Show both confirmations and ask the agent to identify which ticket the delay affected. Contact the second airline before its check-in or boarding deadline and request its available options. Record whether either airline offered a change, refund or rebooking and on what terms.
The airline offers no meal or hotel voucher
Ask the staff member to record that assistance was requested and why no voucher was available. If an overnight stay or food is genuinely necessary, choose a proportionate option, retain itemised receipts and explain the circumstances in the written claim. Payment is not guaranteed merely because you kept a receipt.
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Ask for the specific event and its effect on the flight, rather than accepting a generic label. Continue to request care and onward arrangements; the EU guidance distinguishes those duties from compensation.
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You arrive less than three hours late at the final destination
Under the European Commission wording quoted above, the more-than-three-hour final-arrival threshold is relevant to compensation for covered connecting journeys. A shorter delay does not answer the separate question of whether you were entitled to assistance during the disruption or re-routing under the applicable rules.
Examples that show why facts matter
One booking, long final delay
You hold one reservation for two flights. The first flight arrives late, you miss the connection, and the replacement reaches the ticketed final destination more than three hours after schedule. Ask the airline to re-route you and provide care during the wait. Then check the route, operating carrier and stated cause against the relevant UK or EU regime before claiming compensation.
Two tickets, same airport
You buy the first and second flights separately. The first delay causes a missed second flight. Notify both carriers immediately, but do not assume the first carrier must pay for the second ticket or that the second carrier must waive its conditions. Your outcome may depend on each contract and any insurance already in force.
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A covered itinerary is disrupted by an event the airline classifies as extraordinary. Compensation may be excluded under EU guidance, yet meals, accommodation, transport and re-routing questions remain separate. Keep requesting care and document the airline’s explanation.
Before you leave the airport
- Have a written or digital record of the replacement itinerary and final destination.
- Know whether every remaining segment is protected or whether you must contact another airline.
- Ask how baggage will be handled on the new routing.
- Obtain instructions for meal, hotel and ground-transport assistance.
- Save the case number, staff names where available, screenshots and receipts.
The safest approach is factual and specific: secure onward travel first, preserve evidence, separate care from compensation, and test the itinerary against the passenger-rights authority that actually governs it. UK and EU rules can help in qualifying cases, but a missed connection alone does not establish a universal entitlement.
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