If a retailer has failed before delivering what you paid for, check both Section 75 and chargeback immediately. Section 75 can give you a statutory claim against a qualifying credit provider when the single item’s cash price was more than £100 and no more than £30,000. Chargeback is a separate card-scheme process that may be available for debit, credit and prepaid-card payments, normally within a scheme deadline of about 120 days. Neither route is automatic: eligibility depends on the contract, payment flow, evidence and timing.
This guide applies to UK consumers and reflects the Consumer Credit Act 1974 position in force through 1 October 2026, plus MoneyHelper and Financial Ombudsman Service guidance accessed on 13 October 2026.
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Section 75 and chargeback at a glance
| Question | Section 75 | Chargeback |
|---|---|---|
| What is it? | A statutory claim against a qualifying creditor for the supplier’s breach of contract or misrepresentation. | A card-scheme process in which the issuer seeks to reverse or recover a disputed card payment. |
| Which payments can qualify? | Usually qualifying credit-card transactions, point-of-sale loans and some catalogue-credit arrangements. The actual debtor-creditor-supplier relationship matters. | Debit, credit or prepaid-card transactions where the applicable scheme rules permit the dispute. |
| Price rule | The cash price of the individual item must be more than £100 and no more than £30,000. | No equivalent Section 75 threshold; the card scheme’s dispute grounds and evidence rules apply. |
| Can a part-payment count? | Potentially. Paying only part of the qualifying item’s price with the credit card can still be enough. | The dispute concerns the card transaction; the issuer decides what amount and proof can be submitted. |
| Time limit | The official overview cited here does not give a fixed statutory deadline. Make the claim promptly. | Usually about 120 days, but the start date can depend on expected delivery, cancellation or an event date. |
| Possible result | A claim against the creditor corresponding to your claim against the supplier; the creditor and supplier can be jointly and severally liable where the Act applies. | Reversal or recovery of the card payment under scheme rules. It is not the same statutory right as Section 75. |
The routes can overlap. Asking the issuer to assess both is usually sensible when the payment and circumstances could fit both, but do not assume that having used a card guarantees either remedy.
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A legal claim against the creditor
Section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 links the creditor’s liability to the supplier’s conduct. For a qualifying transaction, the consumer can pursue the credit provider for the supplier’s misrepresentation or breach of contract. The statute says: “he shall have a like claim against the creditor, who, with the supplier, shall accordingly be jointly and severally liable to the debtor.”
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That wording does not make every failed purchase a Section 75 case. You still need a contract or representation that was broken, a qualifying credit arrangement and the required relationship between you, the creditor and the supplier. A retailer entering administration or liquidation is evidence of a problem, not proof by itself that every statutory condition has been met.
The single-item price test
The statutory test concerns the cash price of the individual item. An item priced at £100 or less is outside the Section 75 threshold, as is an item priced above £30,000. The relevant figure is not simply the amount that happened to appear on the card statement.
MoneyHelper explains that paying only part of a qualifying item’s price by credit card can still be sufficient. For example, if one item’s cash price is within the statutory band but you paid a deposit by credit card and the balance another way, ask the issuer to assess Section 75 rather than rejecting the possibility because the card did not fund the whole purchase.
Credit arrangements and payment flow
Section 75 is not triggered by the card logo alone. The credit must be the kind covered by the Act and the transaction must preserve a qualifying debtor-creditor-supplier relationship. A payment intermediary, marketplace, wallet or other layer can affect that relationship. The Financial Ombudsman Service therefore considers how the money actually moved and which business contracted with you.
Tell the issuer exactly how you paid: the card or finance product, the merchant named on the order, any intermediary shown at checkout, and the businesses named on your statement and invoice. Ask for a decision on the real payment structure, not a generic answer based only on the card brand.
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How chargeback differs
A scheme process, not a statutory claim
Chargeback is administered through the card network by your card issuer. It can cover qualifying disputes on debit, credit and prepaid cards, including situations in which goods or services were not supplied. The issuer submits the dispute under the relevant scheme rules and the merchant’s bank can challenge it. The process is therefore different from a Section 75 claim against a creditor.
Chargeback does not create the same joint-and-several statutory liability. The result depends on the scheme’s reason code, the evidence, the timing rules and the issuer’s assessment. There is no universal refund rate for failed-retailer cases, and no source cited here promises a successful outcome.
Timing is usually the critical issue
MoneyHelper and the Financial Ombudsman Service describe a usual period of about 120 days, but the clock is not necessarily the purchase date. Depending on the dispute, it may run from the date goods should have arrived, the date a service was cancelled or the date of an event. Scheme rules can differ, so ask the issuer for the exact deadline for your transaction.
Do not wait for an insolvency process to finish before raising chargeback. A retailer’s administrators may not be able to answer you, and a late request can be rejected even when the non-delivery is genuine.
Why a retailer’s collapse matters—and what it does not prove
If a retailer has disappeared, stopped trading or entered administration or liquidation, you may have a clear practical reason for non-delivery. You still need to show what was promised and that the supplier failed to perform. For Section 75, that is the underlying breach of contract; for chargeback, it is the scheme-approved dispute ground.
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When the retailer is still operating and contact is practical, give it a reasonable opportunity to resolve the problem and keep the message and response. If it has ceased trading or contact would be futile, MoneyHelper says you can make a Section 75 claim directly to the card company rather than waiting for a response that cannot come.
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An insolvency notice is useful supporting evidence, but it does not replace the order, invoice or proof that your particular purchase remained unfulfilled. The issuer assesses the individual transaction.
What to do after a failed retailer: a step-by-step plan
- Identify the payment method. Check whether you used a credit card, debit card, prepaid card, point-of-sale finance, catalogue credit or an intermediary. Download or save the card statement and order confirmation showing the merchant and date.
- Record the contract and price. Write down the item or service, the single item’s cash price, delivery or performance date, promises made, and what went wrong. For Section 75, note whether the item was more than £100 and no more than £30,000.
- Check the retailer’s status. Save a credible administration or liquidation notice, a closure announcement, or messages showing that the retailer will not fulfil the order. If the business is still reachable, ask for cancellation or a refund in writing.
- Contact the issuer or lender promptly. Explain that the retailer failed to supply the contracted goods or services. Ask the provider to assess Section 75 and chargeback, as applicable, and to tell you the chargeback deadline and evidence requirements.
- Make a clear Section 75 request where relevant. State that you are making a claim under Section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974. Give the supplier’s name, what you bought, where and when you bought it, the cash price, the amount paid by credit, the breach, your attempts to contact the supplier and the remedy sought.
- Submit the evidence in one organised bundle. Include the order confirmation, invoice, terms, card statement or receipt, delivery promise, retailer correspondence, screenshots of relevant marketing, insolvency information and any photographs or independent assessment that helps establish the breach.
- Protect the chargeback deadline. If the issuer needs more information, ask it to confirm that your dispute has been logged and what date applies. The usual approximately 120-day period can be measured from expected delivery or another event rather than the purchase date.
- Keep a written chronology. Record calls, names, dates, case numbers, documents sent and decisions. This prevents missed requests and gives you a clear record if you need to complain.
Evidence checklist
- Order confirmation, invoice and receipt.
- Card, finance or bank statement showing the payment.
- The retailer’s terms and the promised delivery or service date.
- Emails, chat messages and letters to and from the retailer.
- Screenshots or saved copies of the product description and material promises.
- Notice of administration, liquidation or permanent closure from a credible source.
- Proof that the order was not delivered or the service was not provided.
- Photos, inspection reports or other evidence for defective or materially misdescribed goods.
- A calculation of the amount sought and an explanation of any partial payment.
Send copies rather than irreplaceable originals and retain the submission confirmation. The Financial Ombudsman Service guidance emphasises providing information that lets the issuer understand both the transaction and the alleged breach.
Common payment scenarios
| Scenario | Most useful first question | What to do |
|---|---|---|
| Credit card, single item priced £150, retailer never delivers | Does the credit agreement and supplier relationship qualify for Section 75? | Raise Section 75 promptly and ask the issuer to assess chargeback as well. Supply the order, proof of payment and insolvency or non-delivery evidence. |
| Credit card, single item priced £100 exactly | Does the statutory price threshold apply? | Section 75’s more-than-£100 condition is not met on that figure; ask about chargeback and any other contractual or insolvency remedy. |
| Credit card, single item priced £35,000 | Is the price above the statutory ceiling? | Section 75’s more-than-£30,000 limit excludes it; ask about chargeback and other available routes. |
| Debit card, retailer fails before delivery | Does the card scheme allow a non-delivery dispute and is it in time? | Request chargeback immediately, confirm the applicable deadline and provide the expected-delivery date and proof of non-delivery. |
| Prepaid card, retailer closes | Does the prepaid scheme support this dispute? | Ask the issuer about chargeback eligibility, time limits and required evidence. |
| Credit card payment routed through an intermediary | Who is the contractual supplier and who provided the credit? | Give the issuer the complete checkout and statement trail and ask it to analyse the debtor-creditor-supplier relationship. |
These are decision examples, not promises of acceptance. The issuer must apply the facts and applicable rules to your transaction.
How to deal with part-payments, deposits and instalments
A common mistake is to compare the credit-card charge with the item price and conclude that Section 75 cannot apply because the card funded only a deposit. The statutory question is tied to the qualifying item’s cash price, and MoneyHelper says a part-payment can be enough. Give the provider the full contract price, the amount paid by card and the method used for the balance.
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Where a separate finance agreement, catalogue account or point-of-sale loan was used, identify the creditor named in that agreement. The relevant protection may depend on whether that arrangement falls within the Act and whether the supplier relationship is intact. Do not describe a transaction as a standard credit-card purchase if the paperwork shows a different form of credit.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.When an intermediary or marketplace complicates Section 75
Payment gateways and marketplaces can make the merchant name on your statement differ from the business that promised the goods. That difference can be important, but it is not an automatic pass or fail. Provide the checkout page, terms, invoice, statement descriptor and any confirmation showing who accepted the order.
Ask the lender to explain its conclusion about the debtor-creditor-supplier relationship in writing. If the provider says an intermediary breaks the chain, the precise contract and payment documents are the material facts for a complaint or later review.
What if the issuer rejects the claim?
Ask for the reason and the rule applied
Request a written explanation identifying whether the decision concerns the £100-to-£30,000 price test, the type of credit, the supplier relationship, the alleged breach, missing evidence or a chargeback deadline. A rejection under one route does not necessarily decide the other route.
Use the firm’s formal complaint process
Complain to the bank, card issuer or lender first. Set out the chronology, the documents already supplied, the remedy requested and why you believe the decision overlooked a qualifying fact. Keep the complaint reference and the date it was received.
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Consider the Financial Ombudsman Service
The Financial Ombudsman Service may be able to review how the firm handled the Section 75 or chargeback complaint if the firm rejects it or does not provide a final response within eight weeks. The Ombudsman considers the circumstances and the firm’s handling; it is not a guarantee that the underlying retailer loss will be reimbursed.
Limits and pitfalls to avoid
- Assuming any card payment qualifies for Section 75. The credit type, supplier relationship and transaction structure must be considered.
- Using the total basket value for the price test. Section 75’s threshold concerns the cash price of the single item.
- Waiting for the insolvency to finish. Chargeback deadlines can run while the administration or liquidation is continuing.
- Treating chargeback as an automatic refund. The issuer and card scheme assess the reason, evidence and timing, and the merchant’s bank may challenge the dispute.
- Sending only a card statement. Payment proof does not show what was promised or why the supplier breached the contract.
- Confusing a purchase dispute with an unauthorised payment. If you did not authorise the card payment, report it separately under the bank’s unauthorised-payment process; this guide concerns a payment you made to a retailer for goods or services that were not supplied as agreed.
- Claiming twice without explaining the overlap. Tell the issuer if you have already received money, opened another claim or made a claim in an insolvency process, so the amounts and routes can be reconciled.
What outcome should you expect?
There is no established universal success rate for Section 75 or chargeback claims after retailer insolvency. A strong file shows a qualifying payment, a clear contractual failure, the relevant price and timing, and a complete payment trail. Even then, the result depends on the issuer’s assessment and, for chargeback, the scheme rules.
Section 75 can be the more powerful route where its statutory conditions are met because the claim is against the creditor as well as the supplier. Chargeback can be the practical route for debit and prepaid cards and may also run alongside a credit-card claim. Ask the issuer to assess each route separately rather than choosing based only on the card type.
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Sources and currency of the guidance
The statutory basis is section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act 1974, with the legislation page stating that it incorporates changes in force on or before 1 October 2026. The explanations of thresholds, retailer failure and making a claim follow MoneyHelper guidance accessed 13 October 2026. Information on chargeback, transaction structures, evidence, deadlines and complaint escalation follows Financial Ombudsman Service guidance accessed 13 October 2026. GOV.UK’s 2019 response on consumer prepayments and retailer insolvency provides wider policy context but does not create an automatic refund entitlement.
Bottom line
Check both routes now. If the individual item cost more than £100 and no more than £30,000 and the credit arrangement and supplier relationship qualify, make a Section 75 claim to the creditor. Whatever card you used, ask about chargeback immediately and confirm its deadline. Preserve every document, explain the payment flow and escalate a poor handling decision through a formal complaint before asking the Financial Ombudsman Service to consider it.
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