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There is no reliable “winner” in a Micron vs. Samsung vs. SK hynix comparison based on one quarter or a headline price-to-earnings ratio. All three sell memory into the same broad cycle, but their DRAM, NAND, high-bandwidth memory (HBM), customer contracts, reporting calendars, currencies and share structures differ. A sound comparison aligns the periods and currencies first, then tests product execution, normalized profitability, cash generation, capital spending and valuation on one common date.
What you are actually comparing
Micron Technology, Samsung Electronics and SK hynix all participate in DRAM, NAND and data-center memory. That overlap creates common exposure to bit demand, average selling prices (ASPs), inventory corrections and capital-spending cycles. It does not make their earnings interchangeable.
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HBM and other server products can carry different pricing, qualification requirements and capacity constraints from conventional PC, mobile or commodity memory. A company can lead in one product while lagging in another. Your first task is therefore to identify what each latest filing actually reports, rather than treating “memory” as a single product.
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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware match| Company | Latest operating evidence cited here | What it shows | What it does not prove |
|---|---|---|---|
| Micron | FY2026 ended September 3, 2026; results released September 30, 2026 | Record FY2026 revenue and profit, strong AI-related demand, strategic customer agreements and FY2027 first-quarter guidance | That FY2026 margins or pricing will persist through the next memory downcycle |
| SK hynix | FY2025 results announced January 28, 2026 | Rapid HBM growth, strong fourth-quarter server-memory demand, HBM4 production preparation and NAND expansion plans | A directly comparable period or a guaranteed future HBM share |
| Samsung Electronics | 1Q 2026 interim report; investor-relations page identifies 2Q 2026 as the latest quarterly results on the cited access date | HBM4 mass production and shipment beginning in February 2026, plus server-memory, V-NAND and SSD roadmaps | A same-period earnings ranking against Micron FY2026 or SK hynix FY2025 |
The underlying filings are Micron’s FY2026 Form 10-K, SK hynix’s FY2025 release and Samsung’s 1Q 2026 interim report.
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Begin with the memory cycle, not the latest P/E
Memory manufacturers are cyclical. Micron’s FY2025 Form 10-K documents substantial historical volatility in DRAM and NAND selling prices and warns that price declines can materially reduce revenue, margins and earnings. A low P/E calculated from unusually high earnings can therefore be a cycle-top signal rather than a bargain.
Read at least several years of revenue, gross margin, operating margin and net income. Mark both strong and weak pricing periods. Then separate the drivers:
- ASP: Was revenue helped by higher prices, or hurt by a price reset?
- Bit shipments: Did the company sell more gigabits, independent of price?
- Product mix: Did HBM, server DRAM, enterprise SSDs or other higher-value products rise as a share of sales?
- Cost: Did wafer yields, process transitions, packaging or utilization lower unit cost?
Use normalized earnings—such as a multi-year average or a mid-cycle margin assumption—alongside trailing and forward figures. Do not substitute an analyst estimate with no stated date or methodology for a verified common-period result.
Align the periods before comparing performance
The latest disclosures do not line up. Micron reports a fiscal year ending in early September; SK hynix’s cited release covers FY2025; Samsung’s latest quarterly availability is identified separately on its investor-relations page. A league table that places those numbers in adjacent columns would mix different demand and pricing environments.
| Company and period | Reported figures available in the cited material | Period-alignment implication |
|---|---|---|
| Micron FY2026 | Revenue $133.188 billion; net income $84.969 billion | One fiscal year ending September 3, 2026; not a matched annual period for the other two companies |
| SK hynix FY2025 | Revenue 97.1467 trillion won; operating profit 47.2063 trillion won; net profit 42.9479 trillion won | Annual results announced January 28, 2026; currency and fiscal timing differ from Micron |
| Samsung 2Q 2026 | Detailed figures are not stated in the cited materials used for this comparison | The investor-relations page identifies 2Q 2026 as the latest quarterly results on the cited date, but the periods still require recasting |
For an investable comparison, use this sequence:
- Choose a cutoff date. For example, use the latest reporting date available to all three companies, not the latest date for only one.
- Build trailing-twelve-month figures. Add the four quarters ending at the cutoff date, or use a consistent calendar-year recast where disclosures permit.
- State the currency conversion. Convert won figures to dollars (or dollars to won) using one clearly identified spot or average exchange-rate convention and the same date.
- Reconcile accounting scope. Check whether figures are consolidated, whether operating profit is defined consistently and whether unusual gains or losses affect net income.
- Use the same per-share basis. Match diluted shares, share class and listing before calculating EPS or market capitalization.
Micron’s FY2027 first-quarter revenue guidance of $61.5 billion, plus or minus $1.5 billion, is management’s outlook—not a realized result. Keep guidance in a forward-indicator column rather than combining it with historical revenue.
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Compare product exposure and execution milestones
HBM and data-center memory
HBM is central to the current artificial-intelligence memory discussion, but a production milestone is evidence of execution to date, not a guaranteed share of future profits. SK hynix’s FY2025 release says HBM revenue more than doubled year over year and describes strong fourth-quarter server-memory demand. It also reports that HBM4 mass production was under way after preparation in September 2025.
Samsung’s 1Q 2026 interim report describes mass production and shipment of HBM4 beginning in February 2026, alongside a server-memory roadmap. These disclosures establish different milestones and dates; they do not establish that one company has the highest current HBM revenue or margin.
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NAND, SSD and non-data-center products
NAND pricing can move differently from DRAM, so map each company’s NAND exposure separately. SK hynix’s release mentions plans for 321-layer NAND and additional capacity. Samsung’s interim report identifies ninth-generation V-NAND and SSD products. For all three companies, examine how much revenue and gross profit come from NAND, enterprise SSD, mobile, client and automotive applications rather than assuming HBM trends determine the entire business.
Execution checklist
- Record the product generation and qualification stage, not just a “roadmap” label.
- Check whether management says production, shipment, customer qualification or volume ramp.
- Compare capacity additions with expected demand and utilization.
- Separate announced plans from delivered units and recognized revenue.
Test earnings quality with cash flow and capital spending
High memory prices can produce exceptional accounting profit while the company is simultaneously committing large sums to fabs, cleanrooms, process tools and advanced packaging. Compare operating cash flow, capital expenditure, free cash flow and the expected return on new capacity.
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Micron reported FY2026 operating cash flow of $89.68 billion and net capital expenditures of $27.37 billion. It reported $73.48 billion in cash, marketable investments and restricted cash at year end. Those are Micron’s figures for one fiscal year, not a peer ranking against SK hynix or Samsung.
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| Cash-flow question | Why it matters | How to calculate or verify |
|---|---|---|
| Operating cash flow | Shows cash generated before investment spending and financing | Use the same trailing period and consolidated definition |
| Net capital expenditure | Shows the cash commitment required to sustain or expand capacity | Check whether purchases, proceeds and supplier financing are included consistently |
| Free cash flow | Indicates cash left after capital spending for debt reduction, dividends or buybacks | Operating cash flow minus capital expenditure, with the company’s definition documented |
| Return on new fabs and packaging | Tests whether growth creates value or merely adds supply | Compare incremental gross profit and utilization with project cost and ramp time |
When demand is strong, capacity expansion can protect customer relationships but also deepen the next oversupply. A company with higher current free cash flow is not automatically superior if it is underinvesting in a necessary technology transition; conversely, a large investment plan is not proof of attractive returns.
Assess customer and contract visibility without calling it a floor
Micron says it entered strategic customer agreements in the third and fourth quarters of FY2026. The agreements are described as take-or-pay commitments for specified volumes, with fixed or periodically negotiated pricing and, for most agreements, minimum and maximum bands. This can improve visibility into volume and timing, but the terms do not eliminate price resets, customer concentration, qualification risk or a broader demand downturn.
For each company, read contract disclosures for:
- Committed volume and delivery period
- Fixed, indexed or renegotiated pricing
- Minimum and maximum volume bands
- Customer concentration and cancellation provisions
- Whether revenue is recognized on shipment or another milestone
Do not infer a permanent earnings floor from one agreement or from a single customer’s AI spending plan.
Build a common-date valuation, then normalize it
No current common-date market capitalization, share price or comparable valuation multiple for all three companies is established in the cited materials. Consequently, this comparison cannot honestly say that Micron, Samsung or SK hynix is currently cheaper.
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On one selected date, collect the same fields for the exact listing and share class you intend to own:
| Metric | Formula | Use and caution |
|---|---|---|
| Market capitalization | Share price × diluted shares outstanding | Use the same closing date, currency and share class |
| Enterprise value | Market capitalization + debt − cash and cash equivalents | Define whether investments, leases and minority interests are included |
| Trailing P/E | Price ÷ trailing diluted EPS | Can look artificially low at a cycle peak |
| Forward P/E | Price ÷ dated forward EPS estimate | Record the estimate date, source and currency; do not mix estimate vintages |
| EV/EBITDA | Enterprise value ÷ EBITDA | Check adjustments and accounting definitions |
| Price-to-book | Equity value ÷ book value | Useful for asset-heavy manufacturers, but book values can lag replacement cost |
| Free-cash-flow yield | Free cash flow ÷ market capitalization | Use a normalized cash-flow period, not only a pricing peak |
For every multiple, label trailing versus forward, fiscal versus calendar period, currency, share class and the exact market date. Add dividends and buybacks separately from operating valuation; a low P/E is not a complete shareholder-return measure.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Handle listings, currencies and share classes explicitly
Samsung’s investor-relations page displays common, preferred and GDR stock-price categories. That means “Samsung stock” is incomplete without the listing and share class. The cited materials do not resolve every accessible listing route for all three companies, so confirm the exchange, ticker, settlement currency, voting rights and depositary structure with your broker before comparing per-share figures.
Keep operating comparisons in the reporting currency first, then translate them for valuation. A won-dollar move can change a dollar-based revenue or P/E comparison even when local-currency operations are unchanged. Do not compare a local ordinary share with a depositary receipt as though their share counts and rights were identical.
A repeatable Micron–Samsung–SK hynix comparison workflow
- Set the date and investor objective. Decide whether you are measuring current-cycle exposure, five-year normalized earnings, income or balance-sheet resilience.
- Download the latest filings. Use Micron’s FY2026 Form 10-K and FY2026 results release, SK hynix’s FY2025 results and its 2Q 2026 results page, and Samsung’s 1Q 2026 interim report and investor-relations page.
- Create a period bridge. Recast each company to the same trailing-twelve-month or calendar period and note missing quarters.
- Normalize the cycle. Chart several years of ASP, bit growth, gross margin, operating margin and net income; identify peak and trough years.
- Split the products. Track HBM, server DRAM, conventional DRAM, NAND, SSD, mobile, client and automotive exposure where disclosed.
- Audit execution. Label each milestone as qualification, production, shipment, capacity plan or recognized revenue.
- Bridge profit to cash. Compare operating cash flow, capital expenditure, free cash flow, cash balances and debt on the same basis.
- Read contract language. Record volume, pricing mechanism, bands, duration and concentration; avoid assuming permanence.
- Calculate valuation on one date. Use the same share class, currency, diluted shares and trailing or dated forward earnings basis.
- Run downside cases. Test lower ASPs, slower bit demand, delayed ramps, higher capex and adverse foreign-exchange movements.
How to interpret the latest disclosures
Micron
Micron’s FY2026 results show revenue of $133.188 billion and net income of $84.969 billion, compared with FY2025 revenue of $37.378 billion and net income of $8.539 billion. The magnitude of the increase demonstrates how powerful a favorable memory environment can be; it also makes cycle normalization essential. CEO Sanjay Mehrotra said, “Micron delivered record fiscal 2026 results, and we expect an even stronger fiscal 2027,” in the September 30, 2026 release. That sentence is management’s forecast, not an achieved FY2027 result.
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SK hynix
SK hynix reported FY2025 revenue of 97.1467 trillion won, operating profit of 47.2063 trillion won and net profit of 42.9479 trillion won. Its release attributes an important part of the momentum to HBM, server-memory demand and HBM4 production preparation. Use those figures as company-reported FY2025 results, then align the quarters before comparing margins or cash flow with Micron.
Samsung
Samsung’s 1Q 2026 interim report documents HBM4 mass production and shipment in February 2026 and describes server-memory, ninth-generation V-NAND and SSD products. Its investor-relations page identifies 2Q 2026 as the latest quarterly results available on the cited date and lists a 3Q 2026 earnings call for October 29, 2026. Those dates help establish recency, but they do not create a matched earnings set with the other two companies.
Pitfalls that produce false conclusions
- Mismatched fiscal years: A higher reported margin may simply reflect a different point in the pricing cycle.
- Peak-earnings P/E: Exceptional earnings can make a cyclical stock look inexpensive immediately before margins contract.
- Unstated foreign exchange: Translation can change the apparent ranking without changing local operations.
- Mixing share classes: Common, preferred and GDR prices may represent different rights and share counts.
- Guidance treated as history: Micron’s $61.5 billion plus-or-minus $1.5 billion FY2027 first-quarter outlook is not reported revenue.
- Roadmap treated as sales: HBM4, NAND-layer and packaging announcements must be separated from qualified shipments and recognized revenue.
- Ignoring capex: Gross profit growth can require investment that depresses future free cash flow or adds supply.
- Calling one contract a guarantee: Take-or-pay terms improve visibility for specified volumes but do not remove cycle, customer or pricing risk.
What a sound conclusion looks like
The right conclusion is conditional, not a permanent ranking. If your thesis depends on AI-memory growth, verify HBM qualification, volume shipment and capacity economics. If it depends on value, use normalized earnings and free-cash-flow yield rather than a peak-year P/E. If it depends on resilience, emphasize balance-sheet liquidity, contract structure, customer diversity and the ability to fund essential capacity through a downturn.
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