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Repair common Windows errors and clear accumulated junk for a smoother, more stable PC - no reinstall needed.Free scan · no reinstallClass A and Class B are two classes of Berkshire Hathaway common stock with different voting weight and a one-way conversion feature. Berkshire’s comparison memo says one Class B share carries 1/1,500 of a Class A share’s rights except voting rights, for which it carries 1/10,000 of a Class A vote. A holder may convert one Class A share into 1,500 Class B shares, but Class B cannot be converted back into Class A. Both classes may attend Berkshire’s annual meeting and vote together as one class.
Those are corporate-rights rules, not a quote about market price, a return guarantee, or a personal recommendation. Whether either class fits you also depends on the current prices and trading costs on the date you transact, your tax situation, and how your shares are held.
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The essential difference at a glance
Berkshire Hathaway created the two classes so investors can hold the same company’s common stock with different per-share voting weight and different share counts. The issuer’s own comparison memo, updated January 20, 2010, sets out the governing ratios. The 2025 annual report and 2026 proxy statement reaffirm the conversion ratio.
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1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute| Feature | Class A | Class B |
|---|---|---|
| Rights compared with Class A | One full Class A share’s rights | 1/1,500 of a Class A share’s rights, except for voting |
| Voting weight | One full Class A vote | 1/10,000 of a Class A vote |
| Conversion option | Holder may convert one A share into 1,500 B shares | No conversion back into A under the issuer’s stated privilege |
| Annual meeting | May attend | May attend |
| Voting relationship | The two classes vote together as a single class | |
The share-count relationship is therefore not a price relationship. “One A equals 1,500 B” describes the conversion and rights structure; it does not say that 1,500 B shares will always cost the same as one A share in the market.
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What the rights ratio means
The phrase “rights” covers the legal rights attached to the common-stock classes, while the memo identifies voting as the important exception. A Class B share has a fraction of the rights of a Class A share for matters other than the vote. The voting fraction is smaller than the general rights fraction, so Class B provides proportionally less voting influence than its other rights would suggest.
This distinction matters when you compare ownership in two different ways:
- Share-count exposure: You can own many more B shares than A shares because the conversion relationship is expressed in shares.
- Voting influence: The B class carries only the separately specified fraction of an A vote, so multiplying B shares by the conversion ratio does not produce the same voting power as the corresponding A share.
- Legal rights: The issuer’s memo, rather than a broker’s shorthand description, is the controlling reference for the class terms.
Do not treat the ratio as a statement that every dividend, distribution, tax result, or future corporate action must work out to a particular cash amount. The comparison memo defines the relative stock rights; an investor still has to read the relevant company filings and transaction documents for any specific event.
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How conversion works
Conversion is deliberately one-way. A Class A holder can elect to convert at any time into the stated number of Class B shares. The privilege does not extend in the opposite direction, so buying Class B does not create a contractual right to obtain Class A later.
Converting A to B
- Confirm that you own Class A shares and identify how they are registered: a paper certificate, direct registration, or a brokerage account.
- Ask the issuer’s current shareowner service or your custodian for the applicable conversion instructions for that holding method.
- Submit the required request and documentation. The exact forms, delivery method, and timing can depend on the account or registration arrangement.
- Check the resulting account or registration statement to verify that the expected Class B share count was credited and that the A position was removed or reduced as requested.
The conversion feature changes the number and class of shares; it is not an order to buy B shares in the market. A conversion request should therefore be handled through the process specified for your holdings rather than by placing an ordinary trade.
Why B-to-A conversion is unavailable
The issuer’s stated privilege stops at A-to-B conversion. A Class B holder who wants Class A exposure cannot invoke an inverse conversion right. The practical alternatives would have to be evaluated separately, such as selling one holding and acquiring another, with the investor’s broker, tax adviser, and applicable market rules determining what that would involve. The corporate terms themselves do not promise a reverse exchange.
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Annual-meeting attendance and voting
Berkshire’s comparison memo says holders of both classes may attend the annual meeting. It also says the classes vote together as a single class. That means the meeting is not conducted as two entirely separate shareholder elections simply because the stock has two tickers or two classes.
“Vote together” does not erase the difference in voting weight. Each A share contributes its full vote, while each B share contributes the smaller fraction specified in the class terms. A holder with a large B share count may have meaningful participation, but the number of shares alone cannot be used to assume A-class voting power.
Meeting eligibility, proxy delivery, record dates, and electronic-access procedures can change by year. Use the instructions in the applicable proxy materials and the notices delivered for the meeting rather than relying on an old invitation or a third-party summary.
Instructions for registered holders
Berkshire’s 2025 annual report gives a specific operational path for registered owners who hold certificates or use EQ’s direct registration system. Those holders may contact EQ for instructions on registration changes, including conversion from Class A to Class B.
This statement is narrower than a universal instruction for every investor. It does not establish that all brokerage accounts use EQ, that every custodian accepts the same form, or that a certificate and a street-name position follow identical procedures.
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- Locate the latest Berkshire account statement or certificate information and confirm the registered owner name.
- Use the current EQ contact details and instructions identified in Berkshire’s latest annual-report materials.
- Ask which documents, signatures, delivery method, and processing timetable apply to your exact registration.
- Retain copies of the request and monitor the account until the conversion is reflected.
If you hold through a broker
Start with the broker or other custodian that records your position. Ask whether it can submit an A-to-B conversion request, whether the request must be routed to the issuer’s transfer agent, and what fees or settlement timing apply. Do not assume that instructions for registered holders apply to a street-name account. If the broker cannot answer, verify the current process with Berkshire’s named shareowner service before sending documents or moving shares.
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Worked examples of the share and vote math
The following examples use only the issuer’s fixed ratios. They are arithmetic illustrations, not market-value estimates.
| Holding | Class A-rights equivalent for non-voting rights | Class A-vote equivalent | What the example shows |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Class A share | 1 | 1 | The reference unit |
| 1 Class B share | 1/1,500 | 1/10,000 | Voting weight is lower than the other-rights fraction |
| 1,500 Class B shares | 1 | 0.15 | The share count matches one A for conversion purposes, but the vote does not |
| 3,000 Class B shares | 2 | 0.30 | Doubling the B position doubles both fractions, not the A-class vote |
| 2 Class A shares converted | 3,000 B shares | 0.30 A-vote equivalent after conversion | Conversion changes the share count and class while preserving the stated non-voting-rights relationship |
These calculations should not be used to infer a trading price. Market prices can differ between classes, and the issuer documents summarized here do not establish a current premium, discount, spread, or liquidity ranking.
How to think about choosing a class
The corporate terms answer what each class is, but they do not answer which one an individual should buy. Make that decision only after separating the questions below.
1. Do you need the A class’s voting weight?
If voting influence is central to your objective, compare the specified vote attached to each class and the number of shares you would actually own. A larger B share count does not automatically reproduce the vote of a smaller A holding.
2. Do you value the ability to convert?
Class A includes the stated option to convert into B. Class B does not include a reverse option. That asymmetry can matter if you expect your future holding size, transfer plans, or account structure to change.
3. What does the market quote show today?
Obtain same-day quotes for both classes before making a comparison. Record the timestamp, exchange or venue, bid-ask spread, and any trading commission or account charge. The conversion ratio alone cannot tell you whether one class is cheaper to acquire at a particular moment.
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4. How will the position be held?
A certificate, direct-registration account, and brokerage account may have different paperwork and processing paths. Confirm transfer, conversion, and recordkeeping requirements before you commit to a class that you may later need to move.
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5. What tax rules apply to you?
A conversion or sale can have tax consequences that depend on jurisdiction, account type, cost basis, holding period, and the facts of the transaction. The issuer’s comparison memo and annual report do not provide personalized tax advice. Obtain guidance appropriate to your location and circumstances before acting.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Price, spread, liquidity, and tax questions the rights table cannot answer
Investors often ask whether Class A or Class B is “better” because one class may trade at a different per-share price. A rights comparison cannot settle that question. To make a current market comparison, collect both prices at the same time and note whether the figures are bids, offers, last trades, or another quote type.
Transaction cost deserves its own line in the analysis. A nominally lower share price may not be cheaper after the bid-ask spread, commissions, currency conversion, market-access fees, or the cost of trading an odd-sized position. Conversely, a higher-priced share may have a different execution profile. None of those current figures is established by the issuer documents summarized here.
Liquidity is also a dated market fact, not a permanent legal characteristic of the class. If liquidity matters, compare recent volume and the spread visible in your own trading venue on the day you plan to transact. Do not present an unverified ranking as a standing feature of A or B.
Taxes require the same discipline. A conversion may be treated differently from an open-market sale in different jurisdictions, and an investor’s account type can change the result. Consult current official tax guidance or a qualified professional rather than inferring treatment from the share-count ratio.
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Common misconceptions
“1,500 B shares always cost one A share.”
No. The 1,500 figure is the issuer’s conversion and rights relationship. It is not a guaranteed price-equivalence formula.
“Owning 1,500 B shares gives the same vote as one A share.”
No. The voting fraction is separately defined and is smaller than the general rights fraction. The worked examples show why share-count equivalence and vote equivalence diverge.
“I can buy B now and convert it to A later.”
No reverse conversion privilege is stated. Class B cannot be converted back into Class A under the issuer’s terms.
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Not established. The 2025 annual report specifically addresses registered holders with certificates or EQ direct registration. Brokerage customers should follow their custodian’s current process.
“The two classes have separate annual meetings.”
The issuer’s memo says both classes may attend the annual meeting and vote together as one class.
A practical checklist before you transact
- Identify the class and registration: Confirm whether the position is A or B and whether it is certificated, directly registered, or held through a broker.
- Read current issuer materials: Check the latest annual report and proxy statement for meeting, transfer, and shareowner-service instructions.
- Write down your objective: Decide whether your priority is voting weight, conversion flexibility, a particular position size, or another documented requirement.
- Capture same-day market data: Record prices, quote times, spreads, and all transaction charges for both classes if you are comparing purchases.
- Check tax and account effects: Ask a qualified adviser how a conversion, sale, or transfer could affect basis, reporting, and account rules in your jurisdiction.
- Confirm the procedure: Get written or clearly documented instructions from EQ for eligible registered holdings or from your broker for a custodial account.
- Verify completion: After any conversion or transfer, reconcile the resulting share count, class, registration name, and account statement.
What the issuer documents establish—and what they do not
Berkshire Hathaway’s comparison memo establishes the relative rights, voting fractions, attendance eligibility, joint voting arrangement, and one-way A-to-B conversion. The 2025 annual report adds the EQ contact path for the specified registered holdings, while the 2026 proxy statement reaffirms the conversion ratio.
Those documents do not establish a current price relationship, a permanent spread or liquidity advantage, a tax result for a particular investor, or a universal brokerage procedure. Treat each of those as a separate, date-sensitive question. A sound comparison therefore starts with the legal terms, then adds current market data and account-specific advice instead of trying to derive a personal recommendation from the share-count ratio alone.
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