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November 2025 brought a wave of AI data-center plans built around gigawatt-scale campuses, dedicated power strategies and government compute—not just conventional cloud expansion. The important distinction is that headline capacity is not the same as electricity secured, buildings completed or workloads online. This review covers developments announced or publicly reported from November 1 through November 30, 2025, and labels their maturity accordingly.
How to read November’s project announcements
Data-center announcements often combine different measures: investment, campus capacity, electrical supply and IT load. A quoted megawatt or gigawatt figure may describe a planned site maximum rather than available computing power. “Under construction” does not mean energized, and a power or land agreement does not establish that a complete facility is ready to serve customers.
The table separates November announcements from projects reported during the month whose plans were already in progress. Regional developments below are drawn from a November roundup and should be understood as reported activity, not necessarily new November announcements. Data Center Knowledge’s November developments roundup was published November 4, so it cannot alone capture a full month-end picture.
| Development | Location and scale | November status | What the figure means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stargate sites | United States; planned total nearing 7 GW | Five additional sites announced during 2025 | Company-reported planned capacity and investment, not operational capacity |
| AWS government infrastructure | United States; nearly 1.3 GW | Investment announced November 24; construction expected in 2026 | Up to $50 billion is a stated ceiling, not spending already deployed |
| Anthropic–Fluidstack | Texas and New York; exact capacity not stated | Approximately $50 billion infrastructure plan announced November 12 | Sites, power requirements and schedule not specified in the cited announcement coverage |
| CyrusOne–Calpine | Bosque County, Texas; 400 MW total | Additional 210 MW agreed in November, on top of 190 MW previously announced; project under construction | Power-supply arrangement; operational target is Q4 2026 |
| DOE Paducah solicitation | Paducah, Kentucky | Proposals sought; deadline January 30, 2026 | Federal-site development opportunity, not a construction project |
| Aligned–Calibrant battery | Hillsboro, Oregon; 31 MW / 62 MWh | Planned battery storage | At rated output, stored energy equates to about two hours; it is not a complete long-term supply |
The largest U.S. AI commitments
Stargate adds five sites, but the buildout remains a plan
OpenAI, Oracle and SoftBank said five additional U.S. sites would take planned Stargate capacity close to 7 GW, with more than $400 billion in investment over three years. The announcement described a broader target of $500 billion and 10 GW by the end of 2025. Named sites include Shackelford County and Milam County in Texas, Doña Ana County in New Mexico, Lordstown in Ohio, and a Midwest location later identified as Wisconsin. The Abilene, Texas, project is the flagship; Oracle reported delivering the first NVIDIA GB200 racks there in June 2025.
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Those details describe a multi-site commitment, not five completed campuses. The announcement does not establish that every site was fully financed, permitted, interconnected or under construction during November. Nor should planned campus capacity be read as installed compute. OpenAI’s announcement provides the company’s stated scope and targets.
AWS targets secure government workloads
Amazon announced on November 24 that it would invest up to $50 billion in AI and supercomputing infrastructure for U.S. government customers. The company said the work is expected to add nearly 1.3 GW across AWS Top Secret, AWS Secret and AWS GovCloud regions, with construction expected to begin in 2026.
This is a distinct demand category from general commercial AI cloud: classified and sensitive public-sector workloads require specialized compliance and secure infrastructure. Amazon cited AWS Trainium and NVIDIA infrastructure, alongside services and models including SageMaker AI, Bedrock, Amazon Nova, Claude and open-weight models. The investment ceiling should not be mistaken for funds already spent or facilities already operating. Amazon’s announcement describes the plan.
Anthropic and Fluidstack plan U.S. infrastructure
Anthropic and AI-cloud provider Fluidstack announced a plan for approximately $50 billion of U.S. computing infrastructure, including new data centers in Texas and New York. Associated Press coverage reported company estimates of about 800 permanent jobs and 2,400 construction jobs. The public details cited do not identify precise sites, electricity requirements or a delivery schedule, so none can be inferred from the investment figure. Associated Press coverage reports the announcement and job estimates.
Microsoft’s Fairwater expansion links Georgia and Wisconsin
Fairwater 2 was under construction in Atlanta, with plans to connect it to Microsoft’s Fairwater complex south of Milwaukee. Microsoft described the connected infrastructure as a massive supercomputer and said it would deploy hundreds of thousands of NVIDIA chips for workloads serving Microsoft, OpenAI and others. That characterization is Microsoft’s, and construction is not the same as completed or operational capacity. Associated Press coverage also covered the Fairwater project.
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Power is becoming part of the site-selection decision
The Texas CyrusOne–Calpine arrangement illustrates the “powered land” approach: align a data-center site with generation and grid access rather than leaving electricity as a later-stage question. The parties’ total supply arrangement reached 400 MW after a November addition of 210 MW to a previously announced 190 MW. The facility beside Calpine’s Thad Hill Energy Center in Bosque County was under construction, with operation targeted for the fourth quarter of 2026. A power agreement alone does not confirm that all buildings, IT equipment, network connections or customer workloads will be ready on that date. See the CyrusOne announcement and Calpine announcement.
Batteries can bridge a timing gap, not erase it
Aligned Data Centers and Calibrant Energy planned a 31-MW/62-MWh battery energy-storage system at an Aligned campus in Hillsboro, Oregon. Dividing 62 MWh by the 31-MW discharge rating gives about two hours at rated output. Storage may help a campus bridge a delay in conventional utility upgrades, but it is not by itself a continuous energy source: it must recharge and is subject to duration, efficiency, degradation, safety, interconnection and cost constraints.
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The November roundup also identified Fermi agreements involving four large proposed nuclear reactors in Texas; Blue Energy’s plan for a plant southwest of Houston intended to supply up to 1.5 GW to a Crusoe data center, initially using natural gas with a possible transition to small reactors by 2031; and plans to open Oak Ridge Reservation land for private AI data centers with onsite generation. These are plans and future concepts, not proof of current nuclear supply or completed generation. Licensing, financing, construction and fuel issues remain material to any proposed nuclear project.
Paducah is a solicitation, not a project award
The U.S. Department of Energy issued a request for offers on November 4 for AI data centers and energy projects at its Paducah, Kentucky, site. Applicants are expected to build, operate and eventually decommission their projects, arrange utility interconnection, and present technology-readiness, financial-viability and permitting plans. Proposals are due January 30, 2026; Paducah was one of four federal sites identified for AI infrastructure and generation. Federal land may offer large parcels or industrial infrastructure, but it does not remove the need for power, transmission, water and local approvals. DOE’s solicitation notice sets out the process.
North America: projects at very different stages
Beyond the headline commitments, November coverage pointed to a wide range of North American proposals and expansions. Their different sizes and maturity levels make them poor candidates for a single “capacity race” ranking.
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United States
- Wisconsin: OpenAI, Oracle and Vantage’s planned campus was described as nearly 1 GW across four data centers, with a 2028 target. It is part of the broader Stargate activity; the figure is planned campus capacity, not current supply.
- El Paso, Texas: Meta planned to invest more than $1.5 billion in a gigawatt-scale facility, expected to launch in 2028.
- West Memphis, Arkansas: Google planned a multi-billion-dollar campus.
- Pennsylvania: A proposed $70-billion energy and innovation initiative reflected competition for data-center investment and the power infrastructure to support it.
- Virginia: CleanArc’s 87.5-acre acquisition was reported as enabling an additional 300 MW. Virginia’s established market also faces growth constraints and competition from Pennsylvania.
- Denver, Colorado: CoreSite’s DE3 facility was reported at 180,000 square feet.
- Oregon: The Hillsboro battery plan is an example of storage being used in a campus energization strategy, rather than simply adding a new building.
These regional items come from the November roundup; the status descriptions should not be read as proof that each was newly announced during November or had secured every required permit and power connection.
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Latin America
- Brazil: AXIA Energia’s Campinas-region data-center plans were at an early documentation stage, not established as a construction project.
- Guatemala: KIO Data Centers’ second facility was described with two initial 500-kW rooms and potential for additional rooms.
- Chile: Debate over AI regulation could affect future infrastructure investment, but a policy discussion is not a capacity announcement.
Europe
- Portugal: Microsoft planned to lease capacity from Nscale at Start Campus in Sines, a capacity lease rather than ownership of a new facility.
- Belgium: Google announced an additional €5 billion investment over two years, including expansion at Saint-Ghislain and energy partnerships.
- Finland: Glesys acquired Verne’s managed private-cloud operations.
- Italy: Vantage planned a second Milan campus with two data centers and 32 MW combined capacity; the first phase was scheduled for 2026.
- United Kingdom: Telehouse broke ground on a £275-million London facility featuring air and liquid cooling and four secure connectivity risers. Equinix acquired 85 acres in Hertfordshire for a planned £3.9-billion investment and more than 250 MW of compute capacity.
Asia-Pacific
- India: Google planned an AI hub in Visakhapatnam, linked to a $15-billion investment plan for 2026–2030. Tata Consultancy Services planned a 1-GW data center and stated a $6.5-billion investment.
- Australia: GreenSquareDC’s Sydney campus was planned for 110 MW overall, with a 15-MW initial stage targeted for completion in late 2026.
- Japan and South Korea: Oracle and SoftBank announced an AI and cloud partnership in Japan; OpenAI’s Korea Economic Blueprint included infrastructure and policy initiatives.
- Vietnam: The country was identified as a prospective Southeast Asian growth market, not a specific completed capacity addition.
Middle East and Africa
The November roundup raised the Inga hydroelectric site in the Democratic Republic of Congo as a possible long-term power source for data centers. Its generation potential should not be confused with electricity available to a data-center customer today. Transmission, current output, political and financing conditions, fiber connectivity, cooling and permitting would all matter to turning potential into a usable site.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What the announcements mean—and what they do not
The strongest pattern is that AI infrastructure is increasingly being developed as a combined compute-and-energy project. Model developers are announcing large capacity needs; cloud providers and specialist hosts are arranging sites and equipment; power producers and utilities are being brought into planning earlier; and governments are considering secure compute and federal land as strategic assets. These arrangements can shorten a path to capacity, but their value depends on converting plans into permitted, financed, connected and commissioned facilities.
Investment headlines are an incomplete measure of scale. A large total may cover multiple sites, equipment and network infrastructure, and may overlap partner commitments. Capacity figures also need context: IT load, campus electrical capacity and total generation are not interchangeable. A site selection is not a permit, a land acquisition is not a powered facility, and a groundbreaking is not customer-ready compute.
Execution risks to watch
- Grid and equipment: Interconnection queues, transmission limits, transformers, switchgear and generation equipment can determine delivery timing.
- Permits and resources: Local approvals, water availability, environmental review and community response can reshape or delay a project.
- Financing and demand: “Up to” commitments and projected AI demand are not equivalent to deployed capital or binding customer use. Long-term leases reduce some development uncertainty while creating counterparty exposure.
- Cost allocation: Utility expansion ahead of confirmed demand can leave ratepayers exposed if forecasts do not materialize. In December 2025, Georgia regulators approved a Georgia Power plan to increase generating capacity by 50%, with construction estimated at $16.3 billion; staff warned customers could pay $50 billion–$60 billion over subsequent decades, while opponents questioned whether projected data-center demand would arrive. That is later follow-through, not a November development. Associated Press coverage details the debate.
- Operations: High-density AI racks require specialized power delivery and cooling. Liquid cooling adds plumbing, maintenance and leak-management needs, while a physically complete facility can still await power or network commissioning.
- Environmental claims: A renewable power agreement does not alone establish that a site has no fossil-fuel backup or other emissions. Gas generation and nuclear proposals also carry distinct permitting, fuel, financing and public-acceptance considerations.
Milestones to check in 2026
The useful test of November’s announcements will be what advances from commitment to service. Track whether named sites obtain permits and interconnection approvals, whether power agreements become deliverable supply, and whether construction, energization and first workloads meet published schedules. Also watch for revised capacity, financing details, customer commitments, or projects delayed or canceled; these will show how much of the planned buildout is converting into usable infrastructure.
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